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No. 3, April, 1921] MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY, FUNGi, ETC. 285 



the thalliis by hyphae enveloping algal cells. Frequently the algae in these tubercles are 

 completely consumed by the fungus. In R. amplissima there are similar tubercles, but in 

 some cases they enlarge to such an extent that they push up through the cortical layer and 

 form a much branched protuberance on the upper surface of the thallus. In this case the 

 symbiosis is harmonious. — C. H. Farr, 



1994. Paulson, R., and S. Hastings. The relation between the alga and fungus of a 

 lichen. Jour. Linn. Soc. London Bot. 44: 497-506. PI. 21-32. 1920.— A study to determine 

 the frequency of penetration of the algal cells of lichens by the fungus hyphae. Several com- 

 mon British species were examined thoroughly. Only two forms of contact between hypha 

 and gonidium were noted: — gonidium surrounded by loosely applied hyphae; hypha modified 

 in shape so as to present considerable surface to the gonidium to which it is intimately applied. 

 No penetration of living gonidia by hyphae was found. The gonidia do not increase vege- 

 tatively, but produce "autospores," daughter gonidia, usually 8 or 16, within the mother 

 cell. The wall of the latter is dissolved. The protoplast of the gonidium is described. Many 

 gonidia die, apparently because of "crowding together and lack of air," and the contents of 

 such cells are absorbed by the fungus hyphae, often without penetration of the wall. The 

 alga in the lichens studied is probably a species of Chlorella. — A. J. Fames. 



1995. Smith, A. Lorrain. Lichens of the Baslow foray. Trans. British Mj'col. Soc. 

 6: 252. 1920.— A brief report on the lichens found in the vicinity of Baslow, Derbj^shire, in 

 September 1919. Lichens were found to be scarce here because of the smoke from neighboring 

 towns. — W. B. McDotigall. 



BACTERIA 



1996. Albert, Kenrt. A classification of diphtheria bacilli based on the toluidin blue- 

 iodine method of staining. Amer. Jour. Public Health 10: 936-939. 5 fig. 1920.— The author 

 claims that the toluidin blue-iodine method of staining gives a more reliable estimate of the 

 virulence of diphtheria bacilli than any other method, and presents a classification of the 

 bacteria based on their staining reactions with this stain. — C A. Ludwig. 



1997. Albert, Henry. Diphtheria bacillus stains with a description of a "new" one. 

 Amer. Jour. Public Health 10: 334-337. 1920.— The author notes defects in results obtained 

 with several stains already in use and describes a new one which he thinks better than any 

 of the others.^ C. .4. Ludwig. 



1998. Epstein, Alexandre. Un nouvel agent destructeur des polysaccharides complexes : 

 Pseudcmonas polysaccharidimi (n. sp.). [A new organism which breaks up complex polysac- 

 charides: Pseudomonas polysaccharidum n. sp.] Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve 11: 191-198. 1919. — 

 This new bacterium was obtained as a contamination on an artificial medium. The following 

 carbohydrates were changed by it : glucose, galactose, maltose, lactose, dextrin, and starch. 

 —IF. H. Emig. 



1999. Jordan, Edwin O. Biology of the Pfeifi'er bacillus. Amer. Jour. Public Health 

 10: 648. 1920. — 'Certain cultural reactions of the Pfeiffer bacillus are mentioned by means of 

 which it can be differentiated from certain other organisms.— C. A. Ludwig. 



2000. Kelly, F. B. On the solution of pneumococci by bile. Amer. Jour. Public Health 

 10: 708-712. 1920. — The author finds that the lytic action of bile and its different prepara- 

 tions on pneumococci and the resistance of pneumococci to lysis by bile are variable. "If a 

 coccus dissolves it is undoubtedly a pneumococcus; but if a solution is only partial, this fact 

 does not necessarily rule out the possibility of the strain belonging to this group.- C. A. 

 Ludwig. 



2001. MuER, Theodore C, and Robert L. Harris. Value of brilliant-green in elimi- 

 nating errors due to the anaerobes in the presumptive test for B. coli. Amer. Jour. Public 



