14 ECOLOGY, PLANT GEOGRAPHY [Bot. Absts., Vol. VIII, 



100. Hayden, Ada. Notes on the floristic features of a prairie province in central Iowa. 

 Proc. iowa Acad. Sci. 25:369-389. Fig. U5-161. 1920.— The area shows four formations: 

 upland prairie, meadow, swamp, and pond, with several consocies. Lists of plants of each 

 consocies are given, with some notes on soils. Reversion takes place slowly and is rare. Evi- 

 dence of invasion of the prairie by forest in ravines or on moist slopes is not uncommon. 

 The figures are photographs of typical plant groups and habitats. — H. S. Conard. 



101. Kashyap. S. R. Note on the floating islands of Riwalsar. Jour. Indian Bot. 1 : 252- 

 253. 1920. — In Mundi State in the outer north-west Himalayas there is a small lake in which 

 are 7 floating islands, formed almost exclusively of Phragmites, probably P. communis. A 

 detailed study of the islands was not made. — Winfield Dudgeon. 



102. Lowe, C. W. The flora of Warrens Landing, Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba. Canadian 

 Field-Nat. 34: 26-30. 1920. — Warrens Landing possesses a typical muskeg covered v/ith the 

 coniferous trees Picea alba, P. m.ariana, and deciduous trees, especially poplars, willows, and 

 birch. There is a dense shrubby undergrowth in which are many of the flowering plants 

 typical of the North. A list of the plants found at Warrens Landing, arranged in taxonomic 

 sequence, accompanies the ecological notes.— IF. H. Emig. 



103. Moore, G. T., and J. L. Karrer. A subterranean algal flora. Ann. Missouri Bot. 

 Gard. 6:281-307. 1919.— Results are reported on algal cultures prepared by inoculating 

 sterile portions of a modified Beyerinck solution on sand with soil taken from various depths 

 down to 1 m. Various types of soils used were from Missouri, Massachusetts, and California. 

 It was found that "there exists a subterranean algal flora independent of the nature of the 

 soil and locality." Protoderma viride, it would seem, is "especially adapted to live under 

 subterranean conditions;" however, 13 other algae were found at a depth of at least 20 cm. 

 "The greatest growth was never at the surface but at a depth of 5-60 cm." A detailed physio- 

 logical study of Protoderma viride is forthcoming. — S. M. Zeller. 



104. Nichols, George E. The vegetation of Connecticut. VI. The plant associations of 

 eroding areas along the seacoast. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 47: 89-117. Fig. 1-6. 1920.— The 

 following habitat factors affecting vegetation along the seacoast are treated under influences 

 associated with submergence in sea-water; salinity of sea-water, the tides, illumination at 

 different depths, and temperature of sea-water. Physiographic influences, such as erosion 

 and deposition, and atmospheric influences are also discussed. The plant associations of the 

 eroding areas are divided into groups; those of rocky shores and bottoms include the seaweed 

 associations of the sublittoral region, the seaweed associations of the littoral region, and the 

 associations of the supralittoral. For shores and bottoms of glacial drift the same general 

 divisions are made. A short discussion of succession along eroding coasts is given.— P. A. 

 Mum. 



105. ScHONLAND, S. Phanerogamic flora of the divisions of Uitenhage and Port Elizabeth. 

 Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 1 : 7-118. 1919.— The flora is made up of 129 orders, 716 genera, 

 and 2312 species. The proportion of genera to species is 1 : 32; of monocotyledons to dicotyle- 

 dons 1 : 2.6. Shore vegetation does not differ essentially from the vegetation in other similar 

 localities along the south coast of South Africa. Halophilous meadows are particularly well 

 developed at and near the mouth of the Zwartkops River and extend on its right bank to beyond 

 Redhouse. The vegetation of the Van Stadens Mountains, apart from patches of thorn scrub 

 and forests, has many features of a southwestern hill vegetation. On the coastal plateau 

 thorn scrub is more frequent and eastern types more prevalent than on the Van Stadens 

 Mountains. Karroid succulent vegetation occupies a large tract of country and is most typic- 

 ally developed in the northwestern parts. Karroid thorn scrub is not always sharply divided 

 from the karroid succulent vegetation; numerous succulents are often mixed with it and 

 patches of pure succulent vegetation frequently occur. Pure Acacia formation is not exten- 

 sive and occurs in the eastern and northeastern portions. Pure grassland formation is found 

 on a large part of the Zuurberg on the "grass ridge" east of Uitenhage and east of the Sundays 



