No. 1, Mat, 1921] GENETICS 53 



341. Stuktevant, A. H. The vennillion gene and gynandromorphism. Proc. Soc. Exp. 

 Biol. Med. 17:70-71. 1920. — Morgan and Bridges (Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 278. 

 1919) conclude from a study of gynandromorphs that the somatic appearance of any part of 

 the body is due to its own chromosomal constitution. A gynandromorph obtained by the 

 writer indicates that this is not true for all factors. The father of the gynandromorph car- 

 ried several sex-linked characters including vermillion, none of which were present in the 

 mother. The whole head of the gynandromorph was male in constitution, since it showed all 

 the S9x-linked characters of the father except vermillion. It is apparent therefore that the 

 vermillion eye color is not determined by the genetic constitution of the eye pigment cells 

 but by that of some other part of the body. — H. H. Plough. 



342. Tennent, David H. Chromatic material in hybridization. [Abstract.] Anat. Rec.20: 

 229. 1921. — Closeness of relationship is by no means indicative of the readiness with which 

 the initial impulse to development may be received, nor a sure criterion of the extent to which 

 it may proceed. Some species hybridize in nature; some eggs show a cortical block which 

 may be removed readily by various methods. The entrance of a spermatozoon following the 

 removal of the cortial block may result in development, or it may result in an instantaneous, 

 or in a slower but none the less complete cytolysis of the egg. — In some crosses, in which a 

 specialized type of development is superimposed on a more general type, development pro- 

 ceeds regularly up to the point of deviation of special from general. Internal block may be- 

 come effective apparently at any stage after the entrance of the spermatozoon. Many degrees 

 of inhibition, ranging from failure of the germ nuclei to unite to failure of synapsis, have been 

 described, but no methods of overcoming its effects have been devised. — From our knowledge 

 of straight-fertilization and of cross-fertilization we have come to look upon development 

 as an attribute of the egg. In eggs of Arbacia fertilized by sperms of Moira, an interordinal 

 cross, a rhythmic appearance of basophilic bodies in the cytoplasm may be seen. A similar 

 phenomenon has been described in many species-fertilized eggs. By the application of binu- 

 clearity hypotheses, founded in part on the chromidial hypothesis, to the metazoan cell, these 

 basophilic bodies have been explained as somatochromatin or trophochromatin. The evi- 

 dence for the emission of chromatin as such from the nucleus is not convincing. In the condi- 

 tions of the experiment mentioned, a foreign enzyme was introduced. Its presence produced 

 a coalescence of granules into coarsely dispersed aggregates. It is suggested that this coales- 

 cence is a result of dehydration due to the activity of the foreign enzyme in the cytoplasm. 

 These bodies are regarded as synthesized in the cytoplasm. We cannot hope to distinguish 

 between more than very widely spaced steps in synthesis within the cell by methods of 

 staining. The egg and spermatozoan may form a harmonious system, the degree of har- 

 mony being a function of cytoplasmic substrate and nuclear enzyme. — David H. Tennent. 



343. Ubisch, G. von. II. Beitrag zu einer Faktorenanalyse von Gerste. [Contribution 

 to a factorial analysis of barley.] Zeitschr. Indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb. 20: 65-117. 7 fig., 

 11 diagrams. 1919. — The results of barley hybridization experiments to determine gametic 

 formulae for nine characters, are given. On the factor basis the conclusions are as follows: 

 (1) Brittleness of rachis; two factors both of which must be present in either homozygous or 

 heterozygous condition in order to produce brittleness. The character is, however, affected 

 by moisture conditions at maturity and by the physiologically correlated laxity of spike. (2) 

 Length of rachis intemodes; one or more lengthening factors may be present. In Hordeum 

 spontaneum three are present in homozygous condition. (3) Sterility of side florets; two 

 factors involved but no data are given. (4) Awn length — there is one lengthening factor A. 

 A alone or modified by presence of either of two other factors gives awn length of common 

 barleys. All three present in homozygous condition produce wild awn type. If A is absent, 

 shorter awns result due to the modifying effect of the other factors. (5) Hoods, — either 

 one or two factors act in conjunction with A, the factor for long awns. Alternative inter- 

 pretations are offered of the peculiar case of long awns appearing in F2 generation in crosses 

 between hooded and short-awned forms. Data are cited showing linkage between factors for 

 long awn and laxness of spike; similarly for short awn and density of spike. (6) Culm length, 



