58 HORTICULTURE [BoT. Absts., Vol. VIII, 



Univ. Bristol 1919: 93-98. 1919.— A general discussion is presented of the practises of ring- 

 ing and notching with a preliminary report on some experiments. Rings of varying widths 

 were made on main trunks and branches, and knife-edge rings on twigs. Ringing, if portions 

 of bark were actually removed, caused the dormant buds below the ring to grow. More buds 

 pushed out as a result of May ringing than as a result of July ringing. Knife-edge ringing 

 on the twigs caused buds to grow into spurs or shoots on which the basal bud made the most 

 growth. Notching above a bud caused the latter to make more growth than that made by 

 similar buds not so notched. Notching below a bud keeps the latter dormant. — W. H. 

 Chandler. 



371. Barker, B. T. P., and G. T. Spinks. Fruit breeding investigations. Ann. Rept. 

 Agric. and Hort. Res. Sta. Univ. Bristol 1919: 76-84. 1919. — A statement of breeding work in 

 progress with apples, plums, cherries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, and strawberries. 

 —W. H. Chandler. 



372. Batchelor, L. D., and D. C. Wtlie. Treating frosted trees. Amer. Nut Jour. 13: 

 14. 1920. — Trees not badly frosted should be cut back to good healthy tissues, allowed to grow, 

 and the new growth thinned out in the fall. The same principle should be applied in the case 

 of badly frosted trees. A good vigorous shoot below the frosted area is selected, and the tree 

 cut back to about 1 inch above this shoot. All other shoots on the trunk are removed. 

 Wounds are immediately sealed with a thick mixture of linseed oil and white lead. This mix- 

 ture is preferred to the black asphaltum wound dressings. — E. L. Overholser. 



373. Bixbt, W. C. Nut notes at Baldwin, New York. Amer. Nut Jour. 13: 12, 1920.— 

 Observations made on specimens at the Arnold Arboretum showed that in some respects the 

 shellbark is more closely akin to the pecan than to the hickories in spite of the great resemblance, 

 in leaves and fruit, to the shagbark and mockernut. Incase of northern varieties now propa- 

 gated, no definite information is available as to whether they bear an abundance of both stami- 

 nate and pistillate flowers, and whether or not the latter mature at the same time. Conse- 

 quently, several varieties should be planted to insure good crops. — E. L. Overholser. 



374. Bixbt, W. G. Propagated hickories. Amer. Nut Jour. 13:70-71. 1920.— Experi- 

 ences of nut growers in breeding and propagating the hickory are reviewed. The author 

 concludes: " .... am convinced that as soon as we can furnish the fine hickories 

 we have in commercial quantities, they will command prices equal to those paid for the finest 

 pecans." — E. L. Overholser. 



375. BoRNER. Denkschrift zur Organization der Rebenziichtung in Deutschland. 

 [Memorial paper on the organization of vine breeding in Germany.] Mitteil. Deutsch. Landw. 

 Ges. 35: 689-692. 1920.— The author outlines the problems, the methods of procedure, and 

 gives an estimate of the cost of maintaining a selection garden. The total cost of this type of 

 work in Germany is also estimated. — A. J. Pieters. 



376. Bullard, W. P. Pecan standards, brands and marketing. Amer. Nut Jour. 13: 

 34, 47. 1920.— The "Brand method" is claimed to be best. The advantages of a cooperative 

 organization such as the National Pecan Growers' Exchange are detailed. — E. L. Overholser. 



377. Chevalier, A. Sur I'origine des pommiers a cidre cultives en Normandie et en 

 Bretagne. [The origin of cider apples cultivated in Normandy and Brittany.] Compt. Rend. 

 Acad. Sci. Paris 171 : 521-523. 1920.— The 500 to 1000 varieties of cider apples in northwest 

 France yield a crop which in a good year is valued at 500 million francs. The history of apple 

 culture in Normandy and Brittany is given. It is held that the varieties have arisen from the 

 four elementary species of Mains communis, namely, M. acerba, M. dasyphylla, M. praecox, 

 and M. prunifolia, either directly or through crosses with the small fruited varieties of Asia, 

 such as M. baccata. — C. H. Farr. 



