132 BIBLIOGRAPHY, BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY [BoT. Absts., Vol. VIII, 



in this catalog is given, showing that several of these plants were grown by Bennett previous 

 to the dates recorded for their introduction into Great Britain, as for instance Selago spuria, 

 supposed to have been introduced in 1779, and Pisonia aculeata and Ruellia ciliata, in 1806. 

 Although there is no other intimation of the fact, the large number of certain plants, e. g., 

 350 pineapples, suggests that Bennett may have traded in plants. — M. F. Warner. 



906. ScHiPS, M, Lionardo da Vinci als Naturforscher. [Leonardo da Vinci as a naturalist.] 

 Naturwiss. Wochenschr. N. F., 18 : 256-259. 1919. 



907. Schramm, J. R. Botanical Abstracts. Science 49: 195-196. 1919. — An account of 

 the organization of the Board of Control and the plans for this journal. — Neil E. Stevens. 



908. Shear, C. L., and N. E. Stevens. Plant pathology to-day. Sci. Monthly 7: 235- 

 243. 1918. — The development of plant pathology, especially in America, is discussed and 

 some of the significant papers are cited. — B. 0. Dodge. 



909. Simmons, J. R. The historic trees of Massachusetts. S vo., xxi + 1S9 p. Illus. 

 Marshall Jones Company: Boston, 1919. 



910. Singleton, Esther. The Shakespeare garden. Jour. Internat. Garden Club 3: 

 545-556. Illus. 1919 [1920]. — Evolution of the garden of delight; plants proper to the English 

 garden in Alexander Neckan's "De naturis rerum" (12th century), and those enumerated 

 by John de Garlande and by Guillaume de Lorris in his "Roman de la Rose" in the 13th 

 century; the formal garden, symbolism of gardens, and development of garden in Tudor 

 times, are discussed, with many extracts from late 16th century literature. — M. F. Warner^ 



911. Spinden, H. J. Origin of American agriculture ; ancient pottery reveals the invention 

 and spread of agriculture in America. Sci. Amer. Suppl. 88: 120-121, 127. Illus. 1919. — 

 "The most reliable information regarding the agriculture of the past lies in the pottery which 

 was inseparably associated with it." Earliest records of cultivated plants are found in 

 Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mexico, and Peru. Illustrations are from pottery in form of ears of 

 maize (Mexican and Peruvian), and squashes (Peruvian). — M. F. Warner. 



912. Stevens, N. E. American botany and the great war. Science 48: 177-179. 1918. — 

 Several incidental effects of the war on botanical work are mentioned, but the organization 

 of phytopathologists for emergency work is given most attention. — B. 0. Dodge. 



913. Sydow, Hans. Ferdinand Theissen, S. J. Ann Mycol. 17: 134-139. 1919 [1920.]— 

 An appreciation, with brief biography, of Ferdinand Thiessen (1877-1919) . A bibliography 

 of his 52 mycological contributions is appended. [See also Bot. Absts. 7, Entry 71.] — H. S. 

 Jackson. 



914. ToNi, G. B. de. Fabio Colonna e I'eterocarpia. Riv. Biol. 1: 46-49. 1919.— Colon 

 na's observations on heterocarpy. Many examples of this phenomenon are afforded by 

 Calendula, and Ftjchs in his "De historia stirpium commentarii" (1542) shows a figure of 

 C. officinalis with akenes arranged in a semi-circle, but does not recognize the polymorphic 

 nature of the fruit. Just 50 years later Fabio Colonna (1567-1640), in his first book, ''Phyto- 

 basanos sive Plantarum aliquot historia" (1592) p. 52-59, describes and figures the plant called 

 Clymenon Dioscoridis, now referred to Calendula officinalis, which he says is characterized 

 by 3 different forms of fruits. This peculiarity of C. officinaliswas later figured by Elizabeth 

 Blackwell in her ""Curious herbal" (1739), by Gaertner, "De fructibus et seminibus plant- 

 arum" (1788), and by Poiret in "Encyclop^die mdthodique," Suppl. 5: 188. Tab. 715. — 

 M. F. Warner. 



915. True, R. H. Notes on the early history of the pecan in America. Ann. Rept. Smith- 

 sonian Inst. 1917: 435-448. [1919]. — A series of notes from unpublished or inaccessible 

 sources, dealing with the discovery, introduction into Europe, botanical description, early 

 cultivation, and improvement of the pecan. — Neil E. Stevens. 



