156 GENETICS [BoT. Absts., Vol. VIII, 



Arrangement of streaks apparently depends upon chance, but amount depends upon time 

 remaining after turning point for protein-splitting, color-forming enzymes to act. In 

 streaked type of intersexuality color spreads out from veins, but in "chief type" of female 

 intersexuality from zigzag lines. This difference is not explained. Other differences of color 

 depend upon character of races entering into cross. Mutation lunata, which causes zigzag 

 lines to drop out, can be bred pure, and combined with various types of intersexuality. 

 Hormone secretions for sex and secondary sexual characters are probably the same, are pro- 

 duced in each cell, and not in gonads as in vertebrates. Cytology throws no light upon con- 

 ditions as X and Y are indistinguishable and no difference appears between races. Attempt 

 is made to correlate strength of races with character of environment. Female intersexuality 

 is produced when females of weak races are crossed with males of strong races, giving F (weak 

 M (strong) m. There is but 1 grade of intersexuality from a particular type of cross except 

 for slight overlapping in plus and minus directions. Grades, depending upon races used, are 

 grouped as follows: (a) Beginning: These show some females grading to normal. All are fer- 

 tile and hence valuable for genetic work, (b) Weak: These are of "Gifu type," always sterile, 

 (c) Medium: Among others are "Aomori type," with large abdomen filled with unused nour- 

 ishment; embryonal ovaries; hairiness and form of male, (d) Strong: Some are of "chief 

 type," some of "Gifu" according to parentage, (e) Highest grade: These are sterile but 

 grade into (f). (f) Complete "sex-turnabout:" These are apparently normal males, except 

 that a few grade into (e) and there are 9 perfectly normal females to 2187 males. These 

 "extra females" are explained by non-disjunction of sex-chromosomes. Many F2 and back- 

 cross results are given to corroborate theory of female intersexuality. Intersexual males are 

 usually produced when strong female is crossed with weak male. Fukuoka females by Hok- 

 kaido males produce normal females and males varying from apparently normal up to 

 strongly intersexual. Only minus individuals are fertile. (Fukuoka F, Hokkaido M, rn) is 

 normal female. (Fukuoka F, Fukuoka M, Hokkaido M) is intersexual male. In later gen- 

 erations it is found that (Fukuoka F, Hokkaido M, Hokkaido M) is female, complete "sex- 

 turnabout." A very few incomplete observations show that after crossing of 2 weak races 

 there may appear male intersexuality. Occurrence of a few "extra males" in crosses where 

 all males should be turned into females is explained by non-disjunction as in case of "extra 

 females."— P. W. Whiting. 



1083. GowEN, J. W. Report of progress on animal husbandry investigations in 1919. 

 Maine Agric. Exp. Sta.Bull. 283. 249-284-. 7 fig. 1919. — Logarithmic equations have been deter- 

 mined for yearly yield in milk of the 3 dairy breeds, Holstein-Friesians, Guernseys, and Jerseys. 

 All 3 breeds reach their maximum milk yield when from 8 to 10 years of age. — Sons of various 

 sires have been examined with respect to the sons' ability to transmit high or low milking 

 qualities to their daughters. — A high correlation was found to exist between the milk yield 

 for any 1 lactation period and the average for the first 5. A high correlation also exists be- 

 tween milk production during a 7-day period and the yield during the whole lactation period 

 which either includes the 7 day period or is the one following. On the other hand very little 

 correlation exists between conformation as judged by the score card and milk production. — 

 H. L. Ibsen. 



1084. Grier, N. M. Notes on variation in chicory. Amer. Midland Nat. 6: 148-149. 

 1919. — Brief note on variation in the number of flowers and involucral bracts of plants of 

 Cichorium Intybus growing wild in the Shenandoah Valley, with suggestion that this plant 

 may well be utilized in the laboratory study of variation for classes in biology. — A. B. Stout. 



1085. GuNDERSEN, ALFRED. [Rev. of : Small, James. The origin and development of the 

 Compositae, 344 -p., 40 fig. NewPhytologistReprintNo.il. London, 1919.] Torreya 20: 

 125-126. 1 fig. Nov.-Dec, 1920. 



1086. Hanly, J. Mendelism and the laws of heredity. Jour. Dept. Agric. Ireland 20: 

 460-467. 2 fig. 1920. — Popular account and some modern applications. — D. Folsom. 



