No. 2, June, 1921] GENETICS 161 



1107. NoACK, KoNRAD. [German rev. of: Stomps, Theo J. tJber zwei Typen von Weiss- 

 randbunt bei Oenothera biennis L. (On two types of white margins in Oenothera biennis.) 

 Zeitschr. Indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb. 22: 261-274. 1920 (see Bot. Absts. 8, Entry 

 1211).] Zeitschr. Bot. 12: 680-682. 1920. 



1108. NoNiDEz, Jose F. The internal phenomena of reproduction in Drosophila. Biol. 

 Bull. 39: 207-230. 10 fig. 1920.— In spite of the large amount of genetic work with Drosoph- 

 ila, heretofore there has been available no description of the morphology and physiology 

 of the internal reproductive organs of the species. This deficiency, which is of considerable 

 importance to those interested in hybridizing experiments, is supplied in the well illus- 

 trated description here given. Two points of importance in addition to the purely morpho- 

 logical features are the demonstration that the spermatozoa are retained for several days 

 after copulation in both the spermathecae and the median ventral receptacle, and the sug- 

 gestion that the spermatozoa are activated by the secretion of the parovaria, certain acces- 

 sory glands connected with the uterus. — H. H. Plough. 



1109. Pearson, Karl. Notes on the theory of correlation. Biometrika 13: 25-45. 3 fig. 

 1920.— Pearson traces the early development of the theory of correlation and corrects his 

 earlier "errors of ascription" by giving to Galton the whole credit of discovering the corre- 

 lation calculus. The work of Gauss and of Bravais on the probability curve and the theory 

 of errors is shown to have had a bearing only upon determining the position of indirectly 

 observed points from observed independent variables, mainly in geodesy and astronomy, 

 and although Bravais reached the correlation surface he had not the idea of correlation. 

 Pearson then reviews Galton's early papers on correlation, presents 3 of his figures, and 

 outlines the development and interpretation of his measures of the coefficient of regres- 

 sion. Weldon's papers on correlation in shrimps and crabs, and Edgeworth's on "Cor- 

 related averages" are briefly reviewed to show that they added almost nothing to the theory. 

 — Henry E. Niles. 



1110. Renner, O. [German rev. of: (1) Vries, Hugo de. Mass mutations and twin 

 hybrids of Oenothera grandiflora Ait. Bot. Gaz. 65: 377-422. May, 1918 (see Bot. Absts. 1, 

 Entry 219). (2) Vries, Hugo de. Phylogenetische und gruppenweise Artbildung. (Phylo- 

 genetic and group-wise species formation.) Flora 11-12 (Festschr. E. Stahl) : 208-226. 

 1918 (see Bot. Absts. 5, Entry 349).] Zeitschr. Indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb. 24: 175-178. 

 Sept., 1920. 



1111. Richet, C., et H. Cardot. Mutations brusques dans la formation d'unenouvelle 

 race microbienne. [Sudden mutations in the formation of a new race of microbes.] Compt. 

 Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 168: 657-663. 1919.— Four months' daily observation of a pure lactic 

 ferment organism in an arsfenical medium showed that its essential function,— the formation 

 of lactic acid,— was so developed as to suggest a new race. The formation of this race 

 was not gradual, but sudden; and its developed functions remained stable, not only on the 

 medium in which development took place, but also on other media. — Andrew I. Dawson. 



1112. Riddle, O., and H. A. Carr. Posthumous works of Charles Otis Whitman. Car- 

 negie Inst. Washington Publ. 257. Vol. 1. x -f- 194 p., 88 pi., 36 fig; Vol. 2. x + 224 P-, 39 

 pi., 11 fig.; Vol. 3. xi + 161 p. 1919.— Volume I. The derivation of bars, as shown by 

 Columbia livia and domestic races of pigeons, from checks and these in turn from a common 

 avian character, constitutes the main thesis of this volume. This character still persisting in 

 pigeons and other birds, is well preserved in the oriental turtle dove of China. It also occurs 

 in the j uvenile plumage of modern pigeons. The check mark of so-called checkers was derived 

 by an apical splitting of the check of the turtle dove until only two spots remained, on the 

 inner and outer vanes respectively, of the feather. By a further modification of these checks 

 bars were derived. Therefore Whitman considers the checker the affinis type and the 

 barred the livia type. By selection experiments the author was able to reduce the number 

 of checks to 4 bars and then to 3, and so on until a pure gray wing resulted. The process 



