168 HOETICULTUEE [BoT. Absts., Vol. VIII, 



1147. Hawkins, Lon A., and J. R. Magness. Some changes in Florida grapefruit in 

 storage. Jour. Agric. Res. 20: 357-373. 1920 [1921].' — Determinations of percentages of 

 sugars, acids, dry matter, shrinkage of fruit, peel and the thickness of peel of grapefruit 

 {Citrus decumana) when stored at 32, 36, 40, 55 =*= 5, 70, and 86° F. are reported. The fruit 

 keeps longer at low temperatures, decay is reduced, shrinkage is less, and physiological pro- 

 cesses are retarded. Fruit stored at 40° F. or below shows an undesirable pitting of the 

 peel. Sunken spots appear which become 1-2 mm. in diameter and brown in color. The pit 

 does not extend into the fruit and the flavor is unaffected. Most pitting occurred at 40° F., 

 and none was observed at the higher temperatures. Flavor of the fruit improves in cold 

 storage, but this improvement is more rapid at higher temperatures. The titratable acids 

 in the fruit decrease after the fruit is removed from the tree and placed in cold storage. 

 There is an apparent increase in sugar content in cold storage. Shrinkage is from 5 to 8 

 per cent in cold storage and about 23 per cent in warm ventilated storage. — D. Reddick. 



1148. Hoy, B. Orchard cover-crops. British Columbia Dept. Agric. Giro. New Hort. 

 Ser. 51. 6 -p., 3 fig. 1919. 



1149. Hoy, B. Selection of orchard sites and soils. British Columbia Dept. Agric. Circ. 

 New Hort. Ser. 53. 7 p., 2 fig. 1919. 



1150. Hoy, B., and H. H. Evans. Pruning fruit-trees. British Columbia Dept. Agric. 

 Circ. New Hort. Ser. 60. W p., 21 fig. 1920. 



1151. Lecolier, p. Un mode de greflfage a preconiser; la greffe anglaise appliquee au 

 cerisier. [A noteworthy method of grafting; the splice-graft used on the cherry tree.] Revue 

 Hort. 92: 161-162. 1920. — The cions, of approximately the same diameter as the top of the 

 tree to be grafted, are set in place during September, preferably the latter half of the 

 month. After tying, a light protection of wax is advantageous. The following spring and 

 summer the new growths may be pinched back to cause a more profuse branching of the top 

 and the trees may be sold the autumn of the same year. The method is applicable to other 

 stone fruits, and to apples and pears though these develop more slowly when the lateral 

 branches are suppressed. — E. J. Kraus. 



1152. Linden, van der, J. G. Hazeloop, en N. van Poeteren. Proefneming met rook, 

 ter bescherming van gewassen tegen nachtvorsten. [Experiments with smoke, for protection of 

 plants against night frosts.] Mededeel. Phytopath. Dienst Wageningen 15. 22 p., pi. 1-4- 

 1920. — By burning fuel which develops much smoke or soot the temperature can be increased 

 considerably over large areas. The rise of temperature is due mainly to decreased radiation 

 from the soil on account of the cover of smoke. Direct heating of the air also takes place. 

 Smudging of small areas from the windward side is not advisable as there is no certainty 

 that the smoke will sufficiently cover a certain area. Peat saturated with crude naphthaline 

 is very useful, giving much smoke and heat. — The cost per 21 acres (1 Ha.) of raising the 

 temperature 1°C. for 1 hour is from 40 to 50 gulden ($16 to $20). — The experiments were 

 carried out in Amersfoort and Elst. — /. C. Th. Uphof. 



•1153. Morel, F. Remarque sur la culture du Pecher. [Note on peach culture.] Revue 

 Hort. 92: 178. 1920. — Peach trees when grown against walls are generally set either on the 

 east or south face. When it becomes necessary to replace such plantings the new trees may 

 be set on the west or north face and the tops of the trees drawn through holes in the wall to 

 the opposite, more desirable, exposure. — E. J. Kraus. 



1154. Morris, O. M. Prune growing in western Washington. Washington [State] Agric. 

 Exp. Sta. Popular Bull. 120. 21 p., fig. 1-7. 1920. — Attention is given to varieties, pruning, 

 cultivation, and fertilizer trials. The fertilizer trials indicated that nitrogen is the element 

 most frequently deficient in the prune orchards of Clark County. Other factors causing crop 

 failure are unfavorable weather at blossoming time and the brown-rot. — F: D. Heald. 



