No. 2, June, 1921] MORPHOLOGY, ETC., VASC. PLANTS 175 



1213. ScHERTZ, r. M. Early development of floral organs and embryonic structures of 

 Scrophularia marylandica. Bot. Gaz. 68:441-450. 3 pi. 1919.— The order of development 

 of floral parts is calyx, stamens, corolla, pistil, the stamens and corolla arising from a com- 

 mon outgrowth. The megaspore archesporium consists of 1 hypodermal cell, functioning 

 as a megaspore mother cell, which gives rise to an axial row of 4 potential megaspores. The 

 embryo sac comes from the chalazal one, the others degenerating. The mature sac has 1 

 egg, 2 large synergids, an endosperm nucleus, and 3 antipodal nuclei which soon degenerate. 

 A secondary endosperm nucleus was observed, also the fusion of polar nuclei. The 1st divi- 

 sion of the fertilized egg is transverse, and is followed by a longitudinal division of the chal- 

 azal nucleus. The nucellus consists of a single cell layer around the megaspore. A 1-celled 

 tapetal layer develops around the sac, forming as the megaspore mother cell divides. Two 

 prominent haustoria form at the chalazal end of the sac, and 4 weaker ones at the micropylar 

 end. There is a single thick integument. Before the egg divides, endosperm cells form, 

 separating the egg from the micropylar end. There is a short suspensor, which disappears 

 at embryo maturity. In the seed the embryo is surrounded by thick endosperm cells gorged 

 with food. — F. M. Schertz. 



1214. ScntJEPP, Otto. Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Stockausschlage. [Con- 

 cerning the developmental history of stem shoots.] Vierteljahrsschr. Naturforsch. 

 Ges. Zurich 63: 106-115. 191S. — The vegetative point of a lateral shoot arises as a small 

 meristem-complex and begins developing leaves long before it has attained the size and struc- 

 ture of the mother vegetative point. — John H. Schaffner. 



1215. ScHtJEPP, Otto. Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Blattes von Acer pseudoplatanus 

 L. [Developmental history of the leaf of Acer pseudoplatanus L.] Vierteljahrsschr. Natur- 

 forsch. Ges. Zurich 63: 99-105. 1918.— An outline of the origin of the various leaf tissues 

 from the meristem. — John H . Schaffner. 



1216. SotjJ:GES, TiEN-fi. Embryogenie des Urticacees. Developpement de I'embryon chez 

 I'Urtica pilulifera L. [The embryology of the Urticaceae. The development of the embryo of 

 Urtica pilulifera.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 171: 1009-1011. 1920.— A scheme is pre- 

 sented for tabulating the development of the embryo of angiosperms, showing the parts 

 from which each portion of the embryo is derived and the separation of the various primordia 

 in the successive divisions. The development of the embryo of Urtica is found to follow in 

 general that of Senecio vulgaris. — C. H. Farr. 



1217. Thodat, M. G. Anatomy of the ovule and seed of Gnetum gnemon with notes on 

 Gnettxm funiculare. Ann. Botany 35: 37-54. PI. 1, fig. 1-5. 1921.— The changes which take 

 place in the envelopes of the ovule of G. gnemon during development are described. The 

 micropylar tube which is a continuation of the innermost of the 3 envelopes becomes closed. 

 A fiange-Iike outgrowth of this tube becomes fused at the top with the outermost envelope 

 and at the bottom projects over the middle envelope. The growth of the outer covering 

 carries the closed micropylar tube upwards causing its apical region to break away from the 

 base. This upper region thus forms a sort of stopper which is carried still further upwards. 

 The basal part then projects as a sort of beak through the opening at the top of the middle 

 covering. The conditions here described are compared with those in Bennettitales. — W . P. 

 Thompson. 



1218. Thompson, W. P. Companion cells in bast of Gnetum and angiosperms. Bot. Gaz. 

 68: 451-459. 7 fig. 1919.— Gnetum has companion cells resembling those of angiosperms in 

 size, structure, and location, but not in development; in Gnetum sieve tubes and companion 

 cells are produced from different rows of cambial cells, instead of from 2 successive cells in 

 a single row. This is thought to indicate parallel evolution rather than genetic relationship. 

 — //. C. Cowles. 



1219. Williamson, H. S. A new method of preparing sections of hard vegetable structures. 

 Ann. Botany 35: 139. 1921.— Hard materials to be sectioned are transferred from water to 



