No. 3, July, 1921] BIBLIOGRAPHY, BIOGRAPHY. HISTORY 249 



fields, on the Rothamsted plan, at Suessola, where a great number of experiments with differ- 

 ent cereals were carried out between 1887 and 1904. His biological work was wholly concerned 

 with plant production, and he was greatly interested in agricultural education and organi- 

 zation, and economics. During the war he threw himself ardently into the solution of various 

 economic problems, and wrote much in the way of propaganda. — M. F. Warner. 



1749. Payne, C. H. Le chrysantheme en Chine. Le Chrysantheme 24: 70-73, 88-89. 

 1920. — Reprint of original French text of the account of the chrysanthemum from Memoires 

 concernant I'histoire &c. des Chinois, Vol. 1, 1778, together with comment thereon in Garden- 

 ers' Chronicle, Dec. 14, 1918. [See also Bot. Absts. 8, Entry 891.]— A'ei7 E. Stevens. 



1750. Payne, C. H, Did the tulip mania ever reach Italy? Garden 83: 528. 1919. — 

 Although Italian floricultural literature of the 17th century shows that the tulip was much 

 grown and highly esteemed, there is no evidence that the mania in its violent form ever ex- 

 tended to Italy. [See also Bot. Absts. 8, Entry MS.]— Neil E. Stevens. 



1751. P[ayne], C. H. M. Anatole Cordonnier. Gard. Chron. Ill, 68: 246. 1920.— Cor- 

 donnier, who died at Turcoing, Nov. 3, 1920, in his 78th year, founded important nurseries at 

 Bailleul, which were utterly destroyed by the fighting in that region during the war. During 

 his earlier career he made a specialty of growing crysanthemums, and published 2 small books 

 on the subject, as well as others on fruit culture under glass. — M. F. Warner. 



1752. Payxe, C. H. a rare old gardening book. Garden 84: 357. 1920.— The Orchard 

 and the Garden, published in London, 1602, does not appear to be mentioned anywhere save 

 in Mrs. Cecil's History of Gardening. Is it possibly a reprint of some earlier publication? 

 It is unlikely that Lawson's New Orchard and Garden is a reprint of this work, as Lawson's 

 book was first published in 1597. — M. F. Warner. 



1753. P[eirce], G. J. Wilhelm Pfeffer. Science 51: 291-292. 1920.— A sketch of the 

 life of Wilhelm Pfeffer (1845-1920) pioneer plant physiologist and professor at Leipzig for 

 over thirty years, by one of his American students. — Neil E. Stevens. 



1754. Phillips, E. P. The importance of a properly equipped state herbarium to an agri- 

 cultural country. South African Jour. Xat. Hist. 2: 18-39. 1920. — Shows how systematic 

 botany is fundamental to research — the need of a collection of specimens for reference and 

 comparison — importance of preserving economic species as a mere matter of record — need of 

 careful determination of host-plants in the study of phytopathological problems. A number 

 of references on economic botany and the organization and work of botanical institutions are 

 appended. — .V. F. Warner. 



1755. PiROTTA, RoMU.\LDO. Pasquale Baccarini (5 aprile 1858— 24 luglio 1920). Nuovo 

 Gior. Bot. Ital. N.S., 26: 2.35-244. Portrait. 1919 [1920].— Baccarini's genius for organiza- 

 tion was shown at the Botanical Institute of Florence, where he carried on the work begun 

 by Mattirolo. One of his great achievements was the establishment of the colonial herbarium 

 at Florence. A list of 132 publications by him shows the diversity of his interests, — patho- 

 logical, floristic, morphological, and historical. — M. F. Warner. 



1756. PiTTiER, Henri. La evolucion de las ciencias naturales y las exploraciones botanicas 

 en Venezuela. [The evolution of natural science and botanical exploration in Venezuela.] 

 Suplemento del No. 14 de "Cultura Venezolana." 28 p. Tip. Cultura Venezolana: Caracas, 

 1920. — A series of lectures entitled Botanica y Biologia, by Dr. Diego Carbonell, takes 

 up the evolution of natural history in Venezuela, distinguishing 3 periods: (1) That influ- 

 enced by Humboldt; (2) the experimental period, influenced by Vargas; and (3) the "doctrin- 

 ary" period of Ernst and Villavicencio. Pittier differs with this classification, maintaining 

 that such periods involve great leaders, such as Darwin, Haeckel, or Candolle, who have been 

 lacking in Venezuela, and that botany is still in the exploration and collecting stage there, 

 while agriculture has also made little progress. He takes up the botanical explorers of Vene- 



