No. 3, July, 1921] FORESTRY 261 



being cleared each year from around each tree; owing to the absence of woodsmen and keepers 

 the trees were allowed to shift for themselves during the war. Under the latter condition 

 the Douglas fir and Sitka spruce have thrived fully as well or better than under the former 

 treatment. The larches have not been so successful under neglect, because where completely 

 overtopped they have often died back at the tip or succumbed outright. Except where the 

 tops have been whipped by the underwood, Douglas fir and Sitka spruce are in perfect health 

 although completely covered by coppice. All that is required is the removal of overhead 

 branches that will interfere with the growth of the leading shoot; to do more seems a waste 

 of labor and money. During the war rabbits killed many larches but did little damage to 

 Douglas fir or Sitka spruce. The fir and spruce, even up to 5 and 6 ft. high, transplant well 

 if moved in autumn with a ball of earth, A spacing of 9 by 9 feet is advocated for Douglas 

 fir in strong coppice. — C. R. Tilloison. 



1847, Craft, Q, R, Timber conservation in Wyoming. Amer. Forestry 26: 740-741. 

 2 fig. 1920. 



1848. Geschwind, Aus der Praxis der Saatschuldiingung im bosnisch-herzegovinischen 

 Karstgebiete. [The practice of nursery fertilizing in the Karst region, Bosnia-Herzegovina.] 

 Wiener Allg, Forst- u. Jagd-Zeitg. 38: 201-203. 1920. — Forest tree nurseries in the Karst 

 (devoted to Pinus austriaca) are usually far from railroads. The soil is scanty and poor, 

 and the nursery is soon in need of fertilizer not only to add the necessary chemical elements 

 but to improve the physical condition of the soil as well. Owing to the difficulty of bringing 

 in bulky fertilizers local sod has been used for some time with success by the writer. This 

 is cut 14 X 50 cm. to fit between the seed rows (18 cm.) and placed grassy side down. It 

 prevents compacting of the soil and discourages the growth of weeds; and as it rots (2 years) 

 it enriches the soil. Small pieces of sod are gathered in heaps and covered with sod making 

 in 2 years a rich compost that is spread between the rows after weeding. — The stock is grown 

 for 2 years; after removal the remainder of the sod is turned in, the area reseeded and the 

 space between the rows again sodded. — Soil collecting in holes in the limestone cliffs, a mixture 

 of dust, lime fragments, mosses, algae, and bird and animal droppings, has also proved suc- 

 cessful in maintaining the fertility of these nurseries. — F. S. Baker. 



1849. Geschwind. Die Hasenschaden in den Schwarzkiefernkulturen des Karstes. 

 [Rabbit damage in Austrian pine plantations of the Karst.] Allg. Forst- u. Jagd-Zeitg. [Wien] 

 38 : 159-160. 1920. — Rabbit damage is severe in plantations of Austrian pine (Pinus austriaca) 

 in the Karst region of Bosnia-Herzegovina for a period of about 5 years after planting. Two- 

 year old seedlings are planted in deep holes and a depression is left around the stem to catch 

 water. This, with a circling wall of stones, enables rabbits to reach the tops for some years. 

 The greatest damage occurs the 1st winter after planting and in regions where the tree is 

 being newly introduced. The rabbits do not appear to eat the pines as food, as the injury 

 is found when other food is abundant; the uneaten top is often found near the plant.— Re- 

 covery is more general than in other regions as the rainfall and temperature produce a long 

 favorable growing season. Trees usually recover in 3-4 years, unless the terminal is eaten 

 off before side buds are formed (at 3-4 years of age). Adventitious buds rarely develop under 

 these circumstances. Such trees are replaced immediately while others are left to recover, 

 as they usually do if well rooted. Hunting out the rabbits in fenced and cultivated places 

 is the best way of combating the evil. — F. S. Baker. 



1850, Geschwind. Der plenter- oder femelwaldartige Niederwald. [The coppice selec- 

 tion forest.] Wiener Allg. Forst- u. Jagd-Zeitg. 38: 237-238. 1920.— The selection form of 

 coppice forest seems never to have been definitely described although it is very common 

 throughout the Balkan peninsula and is found in parts of Switzerland. Any coppice forest 

 will assume a somewhat uneven-aged form since sprouting is not limited to any one year, 

 although the oldest age class will predominate; especially in southern (warm) climates, where 

 sprouting tends to continue more or less through the entire rotation, the appearance of the 

 stand is not even-aged but of a selection form. Under the undeveloped forestry systems of 



