No. 3, July, 1921] GENETICS 271 



tions had little or no influence on the setting of seed. Old pollen gave apparently as good 

 results as fresh, other conditions being equal.— Whether glass tubes or paper were used in 

 covering the flowers did not affect the results. The factor that played the greatest part in 

 securing a good set of seed was the difference between wheat races and between individuals 

 within these races. The influence of the individuals in obtaining many seeds is not the same 

 for all races. With some races the individuality is of greatest importance. The influence 

 of the individual is greater with wild races than with cultivated ones. Individuality in the 

 case of the male plants is not marked. — Reciprocal crosses using rye as the female parent 

 have not yet been obtained. — Certain wheat races, such as Bokara, give more seed when 

 pollinated with rye. — H. H. Love. 



1910. FiTZPATRiCK, Percy. Citrus growing in California. S2 p. National Bank of 

 South Africa, Pretoria, [1920.] — A popular discussion is included of "bud variation" in citrus 

 fruits, with especial consideration of Shamel's work and of the resulting practice of propagat- 

 ing from "performance-record" trees. Webber's study of variation in seedling stocks is also 

 discussed. — Howard B. Frost. 



1911. France, L. V. The problem of controlled fertilization of queen bees. Jour. Econ. 

 Entomol. 14: 105-110. Feb., 1921. — Author emphasizes the importance to commercial 

 beekeepers of controlled matings and cites a number of experiments recorded in the beekeep- 

 ing literature to this end. No new trials are recorded. — E. F. Phillips. 



1912. Galant, S. tJber die Entstehung von Variationen bei Anemone hepatica. [On 

 the origin of variations in Anemone hepatica.] Biol. Centralbl. 39: 529-535. 1919. — Obser- 

 vations were made on 1729 flowers of A. hepiica [Hepatica triloba] gathered on the Belpberg. 

 Modal number for colored perianth leaves (referred to as petals) was 6 and was shown in 

 1180 of the 1729 flowers; range was from 7 to 11, inclusive. Mode for sepal-like leaves was 3 

 exhibited by 1665 flowers, and range was from 2 to 5, inclusive. No calculated constants 

 are given. Author dissents from Bohn's hypothesis that variations in general indicate 

 disease and suggests that increase in number of petals is due to metamorphosis of stamens or 

 sepals. He comments also on color variation, noting especially that 2 white flowers occurred 

 in a total of 1729, and quotes Chodat to the effect that whiteness maintains itself in cultures.^ 

 James P. Kelly. 



1913. Gillies, C. D. Variation of sepals of Bruguiera Rheedii Blume. Proc. Roy. Soc. 

 Queensland 30: 95-96. 1918.^The calyx of the mangrove is a conspicuous red structure 

 commonly found in the tidal debris along the ocean shores at certain points. In 118 calyces 

 collected the number of sepals varied from 9 to 13, the frequencies being as follows : 



No. of sepals 9 10 11 12 13 



Frequency 13 47 38 17 3 



From these data the following constants were calculated: Mean, 10.57± .002; mode, 10.471; 

 standard deviation 3=^.001; coefficient of variability, 2.S4±.001. The frequency polygon 

 is unimodal; the theoretical mode is 10.471; actual mode, 10. Coefficient of variability, 

 2.84, is a low value. — E. B. Babcock. 



1914. Goodale, H. D., Ruby Sanbron, and Donald White. Broodiness in domestic 

 fowl. Data concerning its inheritance in the Rhode Island Red breed. Massachusetts Agric. 

 Exp. Sta. Bull. 199. 93-116, 4 fig. 1920.— A broody bird in the Rhode Island Red breed is 

 recognized by its tendency to remain on nest when not laying, the ruffling of feathers and cluck- 

 ing. Confinement for 3-6 days with food breaks up broodiness. Hens are grouped as broody 

 and non-broody. Broody hens may have a broody period early in 1st laying year or later. 

 Broody periods usually recur at short intervals after the 1st period. Non-broody hens some- 

 times show broodiness in succeeding years. — The data confirm the theory that broodiness is 

 due to 2 dominants; but some evidence also exists that a dominant for non-broodiness is 

 present in some cases. Selection quickly changed a very broody flock to one with few broody 

 hens. Matings between non-broody stock sometimes give broody offspring. — //. G. May. 



