302 MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY, FUNGI, ETC. [Box. Absts., Vol. VIII, 



and Muiaria, previously described genera of the Dematiae, Muiogone Medusae, Muiaria 

 curvata and M . fasciculata are described as new. Aposporella is a new genus of the Mucedineae, 

 1 species, A. elegans, being described. Of uncertain affinities are the new genera Coreomycetop- 

 sis (1 species, C. oedipus, being described), Endosporella (with 1 species, E. Diopsidis), and 

 Laboulbeniopsis (with 1 species, L. Termitarius) . New species of previously described genera, 

 also of uncertain affinity, are Thaxteriola nigromarginata, Amphoromorpha Blattina, and 

 Enterobryus compressus. — H. C. Cowles. 



2075. Thom, Charles, and Margaret B. Church. Aspergillus flavus, A. oryzae, 

 and associated species. Amer. Jour. Bot. 8 : 103-126. 1 fig. 1921 . — Fermented food products 

 from the Orient show a number of types of Aspergillus, some of the more characteristic and 

 important of which were studied in cultures. These are A. flavus, A. oryzae, A. parasiticus, 

 A. effusus, A. Wentii, A. tanari, A. terricola, and A. citrisporus. Detailed cultural descrip- 

 tions of these species are presented and their nomenclature, with that of related species, 

 is discussed. A new variety, A . terricola var. americana Marchal is described. — E. W. Sinnott. 



2076. Will, H. Altes und Neues iiber die Riesenkolonien der Saccharomyceten, Myco- 

 derma Arten und Torulaceen. [Some observations regarding giant colonies of Saccharomyces, 

 Mycoderma spp. and Torulaceae.] Centralbl. Bakt. II Abt. 50 : 1-23, 294-310, 317-335, 410-415. 

 PI. 3. 1920. — In this series of articles the author sums up the observations made by him on 

 a large number of so-called giant colonies of the more commonly known species of <Sacc/iaro- 

 myces, Pichia, Willia, Mycoderma, and Torulaceae. He describes in great detail these giant 

 colonies, which occur both on solid and liquid media; the factors which influence the develop- 

 ment of the different growth forms; the zone formation which is very general in species of 

 Saccharomyces; and finally classifies the giant colonies into fundamental types. The author 

 thinks that these colonies represent one of the most important diagnostic characters for 

 organisms of this type. — Anthony Berg. 



2077. Yasuda, Atsushi. Eine neue Art von Hypocrea. Bot. Mag. T6ky6 34: 1, 2. 2 

 photo. 1920. — Hypocrea japonica Yasuda is described and illustrated. — L. L. Burlingame. 



LICHENS 



2078. Bachmann, E. Die Beziehung der Knochenflechten zu ihre Unterlage. [The 

 relation of the bone lichens to the substratum,] Centralbl. Bakt. II Abt. 50: 368-379. Fig. 

 9. 1920. — The term bone lichen should not be given the same value as the commonly adopted 

 term lime lichen as this latter form, at least the endolithic type, can use only calcium carbonate 

 as a substratum while the bone lichen is found only occasionally upon bone, more commonly 

 on wood, stone, or earth. The object of the present investigation was to determine the rela- 

 tion of these lichens to their newly adopted substratum. Three species were examined, Bacidia 

 albicans (Hepp) Zwachk; Lecidea goniophilia Flk.; and Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.). Of these 

 only the last is a lime lichen. Examination of Bacidia albicans on bones from 3 localities 

 showed that the lichen was attached externally only as in the exolithic lichens Catillaria 

 micrococca and Bacidia Arnoldia upon lime and Scolicosporum compactum and S. umbrinum 

 on silicate rock. However, due to the great porosity of some bone substances the lichen 

 forces its way into and partly fills the pores and galleries. Its growth upon bone free from 

 pores is exolithic; upon highly porous bone, partly exotitic and partly hypostitic. Lecidea 

 goniophilia exists also exotitically and hypostitically on bone, never as an epilithic or even 

 as an endolithic lichen upon lime. Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.), which grows epilithically on 

 lime stone, does not dissolve the bone substances, but seems to possess a greater mechanical 

 power of forcing itself deeper into the pores of the substratum than does Lecidea goniophilia. 

 The thalli of these lichens when grown on bone develop more vigorously and contain more 

 gonidia than when growing on lime or some barks. Bone is therefore a very favorable sub- 

 stratum for the development of lichens, not because it furnishes certain nutrients but because 

 of its great capacity of absorbing and retaining water. — Anthony Berg. 



