322 BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 



Tuckahoe, or Indian bread, is discussed at length by Prof. J. Howard 

 Gore in the Smithsonian Report for 1881. Several things were eaten by the 

 aborigines under this name, among them the underground portion of Orontium 

 aquatieum and Peltandra Virginica, but it is now more generally applied to a fun- 

 gus for which the name Pachyma cocos Fries is adopted. 



Lester F. Ward gives a systematic list and the distribution of 181 species 

 of marsh and aquatic plants of the Northern United States, in signature 17 

 (vol. 3, p. 257) of the Bulletin of U. S. Fish Commission. Of this list 47 spe- 

 cies printed in broad-face type are specially recommended by Dr. R. Hessel for 

 carp ponds. It is noticeable that Dr. Hessel's list is wholly dicotyledonous, ex- 

 cept NaiadacecB, Lemna, Pontederia, and two rare plants, while both lists omit 8 

 out of the 11 kinds of plants named by Chas. W. Smiley, in answer to question 

 42 — What plants are best for carp ? — in signature 16, being such common plants 

 as marsh marigold, water cress, white water-lilies, and Indian rice. Other less 

 conspicuous omissions of flowering plants could be pointed out. No mention 

 is made of Chara which in many western ponds and lakes is an important fac- 

 tor of the submerged vegetation. In some of the larger artificial lakes in the 

 parks of Chicago it is so abundant as to require removal by dredging 



Dr. Mohn, of the Norwegian North Sea expedition, in his description (as 

 given in Nature) of Jan Mayen Island, gi^es the following list of the plants col- 

 lected : Saxifraga casspitosa, L., S. nivalis, L., S. oppositifolia, L.. S. rivularis, L., 

 Ranunculus glacialis, L., Halianthus peploides, Fr., Cerastium alpinum, L., Draba co- 

 rymbosa, R. Br., Cochlearia officinalis, L., Oxyria digyna, Campd., and Catabrosa al- 

 gida, Fr. 



Dr. W. G. Farlow summarizes the progress of botany during the year 1881 

 in an article of eighteen pages in the Smithsonian Report for that year lately 

 issued. The first of these articles appeared in the preceding volume, embracing 

 the years 1879 and 1880. They are excellent indices to the most important cur- 

 rent literature in all departments of the science, and will be particularly valua- 

 ble to ambitious workers who do not have access to a large scientific library. 



The last bulletin of the Society Philomaihique de Paris contains an article 

 by Roze on the male organs of AzoUa jiliculoides. The specimens were from the 

 Botanic Garden of Bordeaux, and the first fruiting ones observed in France. 

 The plants are monoecious, the conceptacles containing the male and female 

 sporangia standing side by side. Each of the male or microsporangia contain 

 six or seven cellular bodies or massuL-e, in which the microspores are plunged, 

 four in each. The massulae contain a sufficient number of air cells, formed 

 subsequently to the appearance of the microspores, to enable them to float on 

 water The microspores do not escape, but, as in Sahinia, protrude the anther- 

 id ia, the two terminal cells of which bear the antherozoids. These are quite 

 similar to the antherozoids of Salvinia. It is now proven that all the vascular 

 cryptogams have spiral antherozoids with two or more cilia anteriorly — several 

 in Azolla— and a protoplasmic vesicle containing starch granules attached pos- 

 teriorly. The archegonia have an interesting device mentioned by M. Roze. 



