464 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



grows slowly and is more adapted for plauting where clipped hedges are 

 desired or isolated trees are wanted on lawns than for extensive wind- 

 breaks or shelter belts. The wood is inferior in quality and could be but 

 little used in general farm operations. 



European Larch, This is another foreigner, a native of Tyrol and 

 much planted in the Highlands of Scotland. It, however, very much 

 resembles our native Tamarack. It was introduced into this country 

 about sixty years ago and extensively planted in the central west. The 

 tree is a rapid grower. The timber is durable and strong and could be 

 used for fence posts and doubtless could take the place of Tamarack in 

 silo building. It does well on a great variety of soils. 



White Cedar. This tree was once very common in our northern 

 swamps where it grows in close stands. It is of very dense slow growth 

 on deep rich soils and could be used for windbreak planting on truck 

 lands. The wood of this tree furnishes the larger proportion of our fence 

 posts. 



Red Oak is the most rapid grower of all the oaks, is exceptionally 

 wind firm, will endure a high degree of shade in its early development and 

 is thus adapted to underplanting in open spaces in the woodlot. It 

 sprouts profusely from the stumps after being cut, and does well on light 

 soils. The wood is strong, hard, moderately durable and therefore, has 

 a wide range of uses on the farm. 



Carolina Poplar is a variously named tree of rapid growth adapting 

 itself to a great range of soil conditions but making the best growth 

 where moisture is abundant. Without doubt, it is the most vigorous 

 grower which will thrive in this state. Trees seventeen years old have 

 attained a diameter of fifteen to seventeen inches and a height of approxi- 

 mately sixty feet; fifteen year old trees have grown twelve inches in 

 diameter and approximately fifty feet high. Like all the poplars, it de- 

 mands light and therefore, would not be a desirable tree to plant among 

 others where it was apt to be shaded to any extent. It is propagated 

 by cuttings with great ease.. It is one of the best trees for planting on 

 embankments and hill sides to retain the soil and prevent erosion. The 

 wood is light, soft and makes good, cheap lumber. 



Black Locust is a vigorous grower on light to medium, well drained 

 soils. It is easily reproduced from seed which it bears abundantly or 

 from root suckers and sprouts. It develops best in full sunlight and will 

 endure shade moderately. It is a short lived tree being in many cases, 

 badly attacked by the Locust borer. The wood is hard, tenacious, very 

 durable in contact with the soil, making excellent material for fence 

 posts. 



Hard Maple is one of the most beautiful and extensively planted trees 

 for shade as well as one of the most common trees of the farm woodlot. 

 It is a tree of slow growth, doing best on well drained, gravelly loam. 

 It will withstand shade to a marked degree and is thus excellent for 

 underplanting. The wood is hard, strong and produces a high quality of 

 fuel. Commercially it is much used for building purposes and also in 

 the manufacture of implements, tools, etc. 



Black Walnut develops rapidly on rich, moist soil and will not bear 

 shading. Trees under favorable conditions will bear nuts at ten years 

 of age. The wood is hard, strong, coarse textured and is at present, the 



