BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 125 



mentioned. The end of the style with its hairs forms the bottom of 

 the pollen-cell before described. We have, therefore, the stigma 

 shut up with the pollen in the same cell. "A capital arrangement 

 for .se//-fertilization," one says. Nay, not too fast! The stigma is 

 composed of two fleshy lobes, its receiving surface being on their 

 inner surface And the}^ are firmly closed together, so that the end 

 of the pistil looks like a closed mouth with its lips firmly pressed 

 together. With its bristly collar it reminds one of Jack-in-a-box, 

 with an unusually "stiff upper lip." 



This combined pistil and stamens is S-shaped, and when the flower 

 opens, it springs through the slit of the corolla and stands with the 

 tip of the pollen-cell just behind the ujDper lip of the corolla. Some- 

 times there is no trace of the stamens seen from the front; but if an 

 insect tries to enter, the slit between the petals opens, the hairs of 

 the anthers strike his back, and as he forces his way in, they produce 

 a jarring of the pollen-cell which freely sprinkles the pollen upon 

 him. 



As the pollen escapes it is kept up to the pore by the pressure 

 caused by the gradual lengthening of the style. The hairy collar 

 acting like a swab, sweeps the cell clean. When all the pollen is 

 gone, the style, continuing its growth, pushes the stigma through the 

 pore and forward through between the upper petals. The end of the 

 style then comes downward, the lips ot the stigma open and roll back 

 as though turning inside out. This exposes the whole surface of the 

 stigma to be covered with pollen from the back of the first insect 

 which comes from a flower discharging pollen. So the cross-fertiliza- 

 tion is beautifully accomplished. 



Fungoid Friends and Foes. — In the twenty-ninth annual report of 

 the Regents of the University of the State of New York on the New 

 York State Museum of Natural History, the report of the Botanist, 

 Chas. H. Peck, contains the following interesting facts : 



Nearly three hundred species of fungi that attack and inhabit liv- 

 ing plants have been detected in the State (New York). 



They affect almost as many species of flowering plants. In some 

 cases several parasites attack the same host plant; in others, one par- 

 asite attacks two or more host plants indiscriminately. But, in many 

 instances, a single parasite is peculiar to a single supporting plant, in 

 which cases the latter may be taken by the student a'j a guide in his 

 search for a description of the former. A Puccinia found on the 

 leaves of the dwarf cornel, Cornus Canadensis, is almost certain to 



