94 BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 



The leaves are rather lanceolate and not cordate, approximating or passiun' into P. an- 

 gustifolin, Torr. 



Populus treriinloides, Michx. A much rarer tree, abounding only in certain low wet 

 localities. In size and habitat it is very much as it is found in the Eastern States. 



Piims ponderosu^ Dougl. The true Douglasian form occurs mostly as a low scriiljby 

 tree on the dry slopes of the Cascades and blutfs of the Columbia River. It is used to 

 some extent in the manufacture of lumber and for fuel. 



Pinus c.ontorta, Dougl. Two forms of the species occur in the Cascade moun- 

 tains, mostly as mere shrubs, but sometimes attaining 30 feet in height and 4 to 6 inches 

 in diameter. 



Pi/ius (dhicuiiliti, Eng. On Mt. Hood at the limit of tree growth where it shelters in 

 ravines and on the eastern sides of large rocks from the tierce western gales tliat prevail 

 on that famous, perpetually snow-capped mountain. Some interesting effects of the 

 influence of strong constant air currents upon tree growth are exhibited here not only 

 in the leaning trunks, but in the decumbent and elongating mode of development seen 

 in this species. Finding a resting place on the east side of some huge rock it grows 

 erect until the top reaches the summit, from which the limbs elongate and spread east- 

 ward to a surprising length. The uppermost branches are often dead and bleached to a 

 snowy whiteness. The species as developed here, was in staminate tlower the first of 

 August, no cones were seen. It grows 6 inches in diameter, low and straggling. 



Pinus 7Jio)iticula, Dougl. A small tree resembling the white pine of the eastern 

 states, grows along streams in the high Cascades, a foot in diameter and 40 to oO feet 

 high. The cones are large, G to 10 inches long, with rounded obtuse scales. 



AMes McHensiana, Lindl. This tree much resembles A. Caiuifkrisis of the eastern 

 states. It occupies vast areas in the middle Cascades, but I'eaches the valleys sparingly. 

 Some of the densest forests of the country are composed exclusively of this species, 

 often growing so thickly as to shut out the light of the sun. Altitude changes the ap- 

 l)earauce of this species as it also does in some others. The valley specimens have a 

 rather smooth bark, whilst the mountain forms have a rough furrowed l)ark. The 

 trees average about 2 feet in diameter and reach the height of 200 feet in the Cascade**, 

 but they are little used at present, being mostly inaccessible in the mountains. 



Abies Pattonia}ia, Jeffrey. (A. WiUiamsoni, Newberry.) This is a small species in the 

 Alpine regions of the Cascades. It grows 6 inches to 2 feet in diameter and 40 to 60 

 feet high. It reaches, along with Pi//»s dlbicaul is, to the limit of trees on Mt. Hood. 

 The gloom of these Alpine woods is made more dreary bj^ tlie vast abundance of the 

 dark gray Vichini Alert<>ri(( Froumifii, Tuck., hanging in dense festoons from all the 

 branches of this tree, evidently dwarfing it in its growth both in diameter and altitude, 

 as it is said to grow much larger and taller at lower elevations. 



Abies Douglasii., Lindl. This stands at the head of the forest trees of Oregon both 

 in regard to size and stateliness and in its value to the industries of tlie country. It 

 attains 6 and 8 feet in diameter, and, rarely, 300 feet in height, generallj- 200 to 250 feet 

 and 2 to 4 feet in diameter. It is extensively manufactured into lumber for all build- 

 ing purposes. It aftords probably 50 per cent, of all the fuel used by the inhabitants in 

 the valley regions. The bark is thick and. rough. It bears fruit abuudantl}^ 



Abies grdiidis, LixiiW. This is the next most valuable timber tree. Attains equal 

 height to A. Douglasii, hut is much less in diameter (2 to 3^^ feet). The bark is 

 smooth, with blisters containing I'esin, which makes the handling of the wood very an- 

 noying, as the hands and clothing become coated with it. It is used for lumber and for 

 fuel. The branches are short and symmetrically arranged, the whole tree forming a 

 beautiful cone. The leaves are dark green, resembling A. balsainen ot the eastern states. 

 The cones are produced very sparingly on the topmost branches, the scales deciduous 



Abies subalpiiin, Eng. This is a small tree in the Alpine regions confounded till 

 recently with A. grandis. It is a beautiful symmetrical tree 30 to 60 feet high. 



