238 BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 



pendent existence. The plants propagated by the leaves have one 

 year's start of those resulting from the seeds of the same year; but 

 upon the latter, borne away by the fall and springs Hoods, the plant 

 must chiefly depend for its dispersion. — C. G. Pringle. 



The Autumnal Flora of Fortress Monroe. — Stretching north two 

 or three miles from the Fort, is a sandy region from a quarter to half 

 a mile in width, washed on the east by the waters of the Chesapeake 

 Bay, and on the west by a shallow arm of the same. The sand on 

 the seaward side has been drifted into a succession of low hills or 

 dunes j)erhaps twenty-five feet high. These are covered with thickets 

 and have proved to be very attractive hunting grounds to the botanists. 



On the 20th of Sept. the writer, in company with Dr. Vasey, spent 

 the day in supplementing previous collections made in the same 

 vicinity in the spring. 



Starting from the wharf we found growing in the pure sand Diodia 

 teres^ with a vigor, closeness of growth and profusion of crystalline 

 bristles, quite unlike the us.ual forms. Closely associated we found 

 Salsola Kali, (Eaothfra hiunifiisa, Cynodon Dactylon, Euphorbia poly- 

 gonifolia, and that vile pest, Cenchrus tribuloides. Crossing the 

 parade ground of the Fortress with its noble groves of Quercus virens-, 

 and its tropical looking gardens with Yuccas, Figs, Lagerstroemias 

 and other unfamiliar shrubs, we descend the ramparts and come to a 

 salt marsh. Here we find Borrichia pubescens, (a few late flowers), 

 Iva frutescens and imbn'cata (not in Gray's Manual), Salicornia herba- 

 cea, Virginica, and fruticosa, yar. amb/'gua, Su£eda inaritima, Baccharis 

 halimifolia, Bryzopyrum spicatum, Statice Liinonium, and Rhynchospora. 

 inexpansa. 



In drier localities Solidago sempervirens, and (strange to say) Rid- 

 dcllii ! ! , Aristida purpurascens, Tricuspis purpurea, Cakile Americana, 

 Vilfa Virginica, and spreading sometimes 10 feet over the sandi 

 Phaseolus diver sifolius. Opuntia vulgaris covers acres. Coming to 

 the first of the sand hills, we find it covered with dense thickets of 

 Quercus virens and cinerea, finely in fruit (its farthest northern 

 limit). Myricacerifera, Primus maritima, Zanthoxylum Carolimanuw., 

 Bumelia lycioides, and these shrubs over-run with Smilax glauca and 

 tamnoides, all these in fruit. Vitis vulpina is abundant and were it a 

 fortnight^ater, its clusters would be inviting. Among these hills we 

 find also Pan/icum amarum, Uniola paniculata, Monarda punctata, and 

 Andropogon argenteus. Passing to the landward side of the hills we 

 find groves of Pinus Teeda, intermingled with Ilex opaca. One old 



