4 FORESTRY [Bot. Absts. 



mechanical process, 1,451,757, or 41 per cent, by the sulphite process, 437,430, or 13 per cent, by 

 the soda process and 84,799 or 2 per cent by the sulphate process. Selling prices f.o.b. mills 

 averaged $43.33 per ton, an increase of $7.86, or 22 per cent, over the 1916 average. Imports 

 were 1 per cent less than in 1916, though the average increase in price was from $42.02 in 1916 

 to $69.36 in 1917, an increase of 5f> per cent. — C. H. Guise. 



14. Smith, Franklin H., and Albert H. Pierson. Production of lumber, lath, and shin- 

 gles in 1917. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 768. 1-44. Fig. 1-3. 1919.— The quantity of lumber 

 reported cut in 1917 by 16,420 mills was 33,192,911,000 board feet. This excludes the output 

 of 2,652 mills, cutting less than 50,000 board feet each. There were reported 2,470 mills as 

 being idle. The reported cut shows a decrease of 4.6 per cent from the 1916 figures, the num- 

 ber of mills reporting a decrease of 4.9 per cent, and the estimated total production, a de- 

 crease of 10 per cent. An increasingly larger per cent of the total production is being contrib- 

 uted by the bigger operations, 61.81 per cent of the total for 1917 being furnished by mills 

 cutting over 10,000,000 feet annually. Tables showing all phases of sawmill operation and 

 production are presented. For 32 of the most important commercial species, separate tables 

 show the reported production in 1917. Yellow pine produces nearly 38 per cent of the aggre- 

 gate cut of all woods, though this is a decrease of 10 per cent under the production of 1916. 

 Douglas fir ranks second with 16 per cent, an increase of 3 per cent over the figures for 1916. 

 Oak, white pine, hemlock and western yellow pine, each furnish about 6 per cent, all other 

 species furnishing per cents considerably below this figure. The average value of lumber 

 f.o.b. mills in 1917 was $20.32 per M feet board measure, the highest that it has ever been 

 and 33 per cent higher than the 1916 figure of $15.32. Figures from Alaska, presented for the 

 first time show that 43 mills cut 33,160,000 board feet, with an average value per M feet of 

 $21.19.— C. H. Guise. 



15. Badotjx, H. Ueber die durch die Kleine Fichten-Blattwespe (Nematus abietum) in 

 den Waldungen der Schweiz verursachten schaden. [Damage in Swiss forests caused by the 

 small pine moth (Nematus Abietum)] Schweiz. Zeitschr. Forstwesen 70: 1-10. 1 pi., 10 fig. 

 1919. — The life cycle of the pine moth (Nematus abietum) is known to be completed in one or 

 more years. The cocoon stage is indefinite, depending on weather conditions. It is also . 

 shown to be a polyphag, since it was found to complete its life cycle on the native larch as 

 well as on the pine. — The control measures are still in the experimental stage. Control by 

 means of parasites, ants, birds, and spraying have been tried. — The attack of the larva is re- 

 corded by increment measurements which show that the growth is reduced to zero by serious 

 attacks, and often the trees are killed. — Up to the present time the only remedy known is to 

 avoid planting the species subject to attack. When any species is planted in localities out of 

 its natural range, the unthrifty growth often leads to more serious trouble. Consequently, 

 the policy followed is to plant only such species as are native in the region reforested. — 

 J. V. Hofmann. 



16. Fischer, Ed. Ueber einige im botanischen Garten in Bern kultivierte Schlangenfich- 

 ten. [A cultivated snake fir in the Botanical Garden at Bern.] Schweiz. Zeitschr. Forstwesen 

 70: 10-13. Fig. 1-2. 1919. — A new form of fir (Picea excelsa, Lk., lusus virgata Casp. ap- 

 peared in the Botanical Garden at Bern, noted by Chief Gardener Schenk. This form did not 

 produce any latteral branches, and seed from the tree produced one seedling true to type. 

 Other seedlings, which apparently assumed the same form, reverted to the branching habit 

 when they were transplanted. — /. V. Hofmann. 



17. Helbling, C. 1st der Holzwert eines Walden als Gemeindevermbgen den Fondsgel- 

 dern gleichzustellen? [Should the stand of timber of a forest be considered the capital of the 

 community?] Schweiz. Zeitschr. Forstwesen 70: 13-15. 1919.— Prior to 1917 timber valua- 

 tion was not considered in land valuations in the Canton of St. Gallen. Other communities 

 held that the timber valuation should be considered as the capital of the community. When 

 the valuation of the timber is not considered it leads to either exploitation or interferes with 

 the land exchanges desired by the community or the governnent. The remedy lies in a fair 

 valuation of the timber in addition to the land value. — /. V. Hofmann. 



