16 PATHOLOGY [Bot. Absts. 



actly as the spontaneous tumors, easily transplanted, and giving pure cultures of B. tumefa- 

 ciens with no difficulty. — The cultures obtained by Friedeman from disease tumors have noth- 

 ing to do with B. tumefaciens; the observations by Blumenthal and Hirschfeld, that B. tume- 

 faciens should be able to confer the tumor-producing power to other bacteria in a culture is 

 undoubtedly incorrect. — Ernst Gram. 



110. McRae, W. Blast of paddy. Agric. Jour. India 14:65-70. 1919.— The failure of 

 the variety of rice {Oryza sativa) in 1918 in a large number of districts of India is reported, 

 the decrease being due to a fungous disease. The disease first appears as small spots on the 

 leaves and extends through the tissues appearing on both upper and lower surfaces. The 

 leaf is brownish at first, the center becoming pale yellow. Spots appear on the leaf-sheath 

 as well as on the leaf-blade. The stem finally collapses. The diseased plant produces no rice. 

 The disease was found on several other varieties, but no widespread trouble was noted ex- 

 cept on Oryza saliva. The fungus which was found is recognized as Piricularia oryzae. The 

 control of the disease is by cultural and selective methods. — J. J. Skinner. 



111. Narasimhan, M. J. A preliminary study of the root-nodules of Casuarina. Indian 

 For. 44:265-268. PL 15. 1918.— Nodules have been found on the roots of C. glauca, C. 

 stricta and C. quadrivalvis, and are thought to be characteristic of the genus. — The nodule 

 is a cjdindrical body with a slightly swollen hyalin tip; the young nodule is whitish but later 

 becomes brown and more or less woody. By repeated branching a cluster is formed "which 

 attains a fairly large size."- — Rod-shaped bacteria are present in the nodules. They have 

 the characteristics of the bacteria in legume tubercles including the ability to fix nitrogen. — 

 Further work has yet to be done in the direction of inoculating Casuarina seedlings to see if 

 nodular formation can be induced. [See Bot. Absts. 1, Entry 1454.] — D. Reddick. 



112. Patotjillard. M. Sur le parasitisme de l'Ustulina vulgaris. [The parasitism of Us- 

 tulina vulgaris.] Bull. Soc. Path. V6g. France 4: 100. 1918. — This fungus, usually regarded 

 as a saprophyte is said to appear to have caused the death of two basswood trees (Tilia sp.) 

 The evidence given is the presence of stromata of the fungus on lesions at the base of the 

 trees. [See Bot. Absts. 1, Entry 1366.]— C. L. Shear. 



113. Petherbridgb, F. R. Potato spraying trials. Jour. Bd. Agric. [Great Britain] 25: 

 1166-1172. 1919. — Bordeaux mixture (2 per cent) and Burgundy mixture (2 per cent) 

 were applied at the rate of 100 gallons per acre. Bordeaux powder was used at the rate of 30 

 pounds per acre. Both the liquids were about equally effective in checking the blight (Phy- 

 tophthora,) the result being a lengthening of the growing period of the leaves and stems, thereby 

 increasing the total yield of the crop as well as reducing the proportion of diseased tubers. — ■ 

 After application, the wet sprays were well retained on the leaves in spite of heavy rains. 

 Much of the dry powder, however, was washed off, and, therefore, was proportionately inef- 

 fective. If used at all, powder should be applied in the early morning during a heavy dew. — ■ 

 In spraying crops of potatoes which have a heavy foliage, it is difficult to cover all the leaves 

 and there is need for a machine of a good design, having several nozzles, and a pump of suf- 

 ficient power to discharge uniformly at least 200 gallons of liquid per acre. — W. Southworth. 



114. Sanders, J. G. The discovery of European potato wart disease in Pennsylvania. 

 Jour. Econ. Entomol. 12:86-90. PI. 3. 1919.' — Concerning the discovery of the potato wart 

 disease Chrysophlyctis endobiotica on Solanum tuberosum, growing in home gardens in Luzerne 

 County, Pennsylvania in September, 1918, and the survey rapidly organized and carried out 

 by state and federal workers. The disease was found to be in the anthracite coal mining area 

 of northeastern Pennsylvania and not in the commercial potato region. The fact was brought 

 out that the disease most likely came from Germany on potatoes purchased by the villagers 

 from stores of the mining companies who in turn purchased several car loads of potatoes from 

 Germany through the Hazelton Produce Company in 1911 and early 1912. The Federal quar- 

 antine on European potatoes was fixed on September 20, 1912. Tomatoes, Lycopersicum escu- 

 lentum in infested soil were free from disease while Solanum dulcamara is slightly affected. — 

 A. B. Maesey. 



