62 PHARMACOGNOSY [Bot. Absts. 



spray coating seems desirable in determining proper time for renewal of applications. The 

 method, which is fully described, consists in making comparisons between washings from 

 sprayed leaves and a series of known dilutions of a standard copper solution. By the same 

 method one may be assisted in correcting faulty spraying practices, either in preparation of 

 the mixture or manner of application. — L. R. Hosier. 



421. Wormald, H. Brown rot of apples. Jour. Bd. Agric. [London] 25:299-302. Fig. 

 1-S. 1918. — Brief description of brown rot as caused by Monilia fructigena Pers. (Sclerotinia 

 fructigena Schroeter) is given. The life history of the parasite is also summarized. Over- 

 wintering is said to occur in mummied apples hanging to the tree. Conidia produced in the 

 summer, and which remain on the pustules or are carried away, usually lose their vitality. — 

 The fungus enters fruits through wounds, such as are produced by biting insects. The fungus 

 may, on some soft-wooded varieties, pass from the affected fruit into the fruiting spur and 

 even into the branch forming a canker around the base of the spur. In this respect it resem- 

 bles the disease of apple produced by a closely related species, Monilia cinerea Bon. (see Jour. 

 Bd. Agric. 24: No. 5). Cases where affected fruits turn black, the skin remaining smooth or 

 nearly so and bearing few or no pustules, are described, but the conditions effecting such 

 symptoms have not been determined. Removal of affected fruits, spurs and cankered areas 

 is advised. — L. R. Hesler. 



PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY 



Henry Kraemer, Editor 



422. Abbott, W. S. A study of the effect of storage, heat, and moisture on Pyrethrum. 

 U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 771. 6 p. 1919. — -Various experiments on whole and ground flower 

 heads of Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium (Trev.) showed that their efficiency as an insecticide 

 was more lasting in the whole than in the powdered condition. — A. R. Bechtel. 



423. Anonymous. Mexico's little known botanicals. Pharm. Era 52: 58. 1919. — A cor- 

 respondent submits a list of ten drug plants giving the Mexican names, botanical nomen- 

 clature, and the names of the states in which they grow.— Oliver A. Farwell. 



424. Anonymous. Geography of U. S. botanical drugs. Pharm. Era 52:63-66, 89-92. 

 9 fig., 2 maps. 1919. — An attempt is made to give the geographical source of the botanical 

 drugs of the United States Pharmacopoeia and of the National Formulary. The greater 

 number of these plants are indigenous to the Western Hemisphere and most of these to 

 U. S. A.; it is pointed out that many of them are likewise admitted to the pharmacopoeias 

 of other countries and that still others have a more or less commercial demand for use abroad. 

 The cultivation of drug-plants for commercial purposes received an added stimulus as a result 

 of the war and scarcity of supplies but as an industry the cultivation of plants has yet to be 

 developed. It is said that the vegetative regions of North America correspond very closely 

 to those of the northern half of the Eastern Hemisphere and that the character of the vege- 

 tation is determined by the alternation of summer and winter heat and by man himself. The 

 different regions are contrasted and the more important commercial pharmaceutical plants 

 in each are listed and plotted for the Western Hemisphere. The necessary information regard- 

 ing climatic and soil conditions, plant idiosyncrasies, and financial resources, and control 

 of a strictly limited market, to make cultivation of drugs a success is indicated. — Oliver A. 

 Farwell. 



425. Beringer, G. M. [Rev. of: Maiden, J. H. A critical revision of the genus 

 Eucalyptus. Vol. IV, Part 6. Published by the Government of the State of New South Wales.] 

 Amer. Jour. Pharm. 91: 328-329. 1919. 



