Mahch, 1920] 



FORESTRY 75 



511. Anonymous [L.] Kaninchenverbiss in Kiefernkultur. [Rabbit damage to pine 

 plantations.] Deutsch. Forstaeitg. 34: 50-51. 1919.— Need for food during the war led 

 to considerable raising of tame rabbits as well as to a higher regard for wild ones. These do 

 great damage to pine plantations. The oommi in remedy, aside from exterminating the rabbits 

 is to fence plantations with woven wire, which is expensive and impracticable for areas greater 

 than 2 hectares. A better method for larger plantations is to use either plants grown with 

 balls of earth, or twice transplanted stock, at least 1 meter high. Although expensive, this 

 method is less so than fencing, and also insures more successful plantations.— W. N. Sparhawk. 



512. Anonymous [P. F.] Amelioration des chemins forestiers. [Improvement of forest 

 roads.] Rev. Eaux et ForSts 57: 69-74. Fig. 1-8. 1919.— Forest engineers have been too 

 given to the use of straight lines in laying out forest roads, with the result that the latter can 

 not always be used satisfactorily for the transportation of forest products. This difficulty 

 should be avoided by using curves to carry roads around obstacles 6uch as lakes, cliffs, and 

 ravines. Methods are given in some detail for laying out reverse curves and for constructing 

 directly the arc of a circle by means of an inscribed regular polygon.— S. T. Dana. 



513. Arnould, A. Dommages causes aux vegetaux par les fumees industrielles. [Dam- 

 ages caused to plants by industrial fumes.] [Rev. of: Holmes, J. A., E. C. Franklin, and 

 R. A. Gould. Report of the Selby Smelter Commission. TJ. S. Dept. Int., Bur. Mines, Bull. 

 98. 528 p., 41 pi. , 14 fig. 1915.] Rev. Eaux et Forets 57: 121-125. 1919. 



514. Berry, James B. Trees, theii use and abuse. Georgia State Coll. Agric. Rull. 

 162. 19 p., 18 fig. 1919. 



515. Blair, Thomas Arthur. Influence of snow cover on the temperature distribution 

 in Utah, January, 1919. Monthly Weather Rev. 47: 165-166. 1919. 



516. Blum. Windschaden in bayerischenHochgebirge. [Wind-damage in Bavarian moun- 

 tains.] Deutsch. Forstzeitg. 34:70. 1919.— Winds blew over scmn 500,000 cubic meters of 

 timber, principally spruce, between January 3, and 7, 1919. Damage to the remaining forest 

 by bark beetles is feared. — W. N. Sparhawk. 



517. Bradley, J. W. A useful wood -splitting machine. Indian Forester 45: 18-21, 

 Jan., 1919. — A machine employed during the coal shortage in India is described, with a dia- 

 gram showing the plan of operation. — E. N. Munns. 



518. Brown, W. R. Experiments in scientific cutting. Canadian Forestry Jour. 14: 169- 

 172. April, 1919. — A descriptive account is given of different methods of cutting in the spruce 

 and fir forests of New Hampshire and Maine, which were employed in the early nineties. 

 Selective cuttings to a diameter of 14, 12 and 10 inches were tried, with clean cutting of coni- 

 fers in strips and clean cutting proper in both mixed stands and pure conifers. It was found 

 that, in the selective system, the 14-inch diameter limit appeared to be best, but the trees did 

 not appear to recover after being released from suppression. This was also true of the cut- 

 tings in the other diameter classes, but the increased cost due to returning for the slight 

 amount of material left on the ground, was prohibitive. Wind-fall was the worst enemy of 

 the strip method, while removing the conifers from the mixed stands resulted in the dominance 

 of the hardwoods. Clean cutting was not feasible because the reproduction of hardwoods 

 more than offset the small amount of reproduction of conifers. The following conclusions are 

 stated: — (1) The diameter limit in cutting should be based on the average age of the stand 

 instead of on the average size of the trees. (2) Pure coniferous stands should be clean cut, 

 leaving seed-trees for reproduction. (3) In even-aged, mixed stands, with deep soil and in 

 locations protected from wind, thinning can be made by selective cutting when the hardwoods 

 are removed. In poor stands the strip or group system can be applied under the same condi- 

 tions. (4) Balsam-fir should be clean cut and the hardwoods destroyed wherever possible, 

 if they cannot be marketed. (5) All methods of selective cutting should be applied with 

 the expectation that there will be more or less loss from wind. — E. N. Munns. 



