80 FORESTRY [Bot. Absts. 



protection from violent winds and from early and late frosts, and is, therefore, often planted 

 under a light cover. Plantations of this variety in the British Isles up to 60 years of age show 

 a larger annual yield than plantations of larch, Sitka spruce, Norway spruce, or Scotch pine. 

 In France this variety appears particularly adapted to the western part of the country, and 

 can also be used in the Vosges region, but there on account of the danger from late frosts 

 should be planted under a light cover. Judiciously employed, Douglas fir will furnish a larger 

 yield than any other species that can be used in reforestation. — S. T. Dana. 



550. Jobez, H. La foret et le paturage boise a la Societe Vaudoise des Forestiers. [Forest 

 and pasture as discussed by the Vaud Society of Foresters.] Bull. Trimest. Soc. Forest. Franche- 

 Comte" et Belfot 13: 15-18. 1919. — Increased pasturage is essential for the quick reconstitu- 

 tion of cattle herds exhausted by the war. At the same time the forests ought not to suffer, 

 hence the necessity for pasture-forests. These increase the revenue from the soil, create a 

 cattle shelter and favor the desirable kinds of forage. — S. T. Dana. 



551. Jolyet, A. Deux essences qu'il ne faudra pas oublier. [Two species that should 

 not be forgotten.] Rev. Eaux et Forets 57: 93-99. 1919. — In restoring the forests in the area 

 devastated by the war, species should be chosen which are of rapid growth and capable of fur- 

 nishing usable products in a short period. On the other hand, in restoring portions of the for- 

 est in the midst of otherwise undamaged stands, the work should be conducted with a view to 

 obtaining new stands as nearly as possible of the same type as those already existing. This 

 means high forests of conifers in the Vosges mountains and coppice under standards in the 

 greater part of the forests in the plains. In the Vosges plantations of the "green" form of 

 Douglas fir are indicated. In the plains, black locust and white alder (Alnus incana) should 

 be given careful consideration because of their rapid growth, ability to reproduce by suckers, 

 and immunity from insect damage. White alder, while less known than black locust and pro- 

 ducing a less valuable wood, is more tolerant, thrives in dry, calcareous soils, and suckers 

 very abundantly. These, however, are not the two species referred to in the title of the 

 article. From an economic point of view, it is essential to replace as quickly as possible the 

 high forest trees which have disappeared, whether the coppice will recover naturally or must 

 be replaced artificially. White (Weymouth) pine (Pinus strobus) and white poplar (Populus 

 alba) are the two species particularly recommended for this purpose. White pine has a great 

 advantage in being intermediate both in tolerance and in density of crown. It will come in 

 naturally in the midst of broadleaf stands, and will also permit the establishment under its 

 shade of such hardwoods as hornbeam, maple, ash, and even the common oak. It is well 

 accommodated to the French climate, and will thrive on many soils. It is particularly suited 

 for the formation of a high forest of conifers over a coppice of hardwoods, which is the only 

 form of stand in which its use is recommended. This is because the tree must be allowed to 

 reach fairly large size in order to form any considerable portion of heartwood, the sapwood 

 being regarded practically as waste, during which time a return is yielded by the hardwood 

 coppice; and because the white pine is nearly everywhere attacked by a fungus with a subter- 

 ranean mycelium, the spread of which is prevented when the trees are grown far enough apart 

 so that their roots do not come into contact with each other. White poplar has been looked 

 upon somewhat askance because the abundant suckers which it produces have sometimes 

 proved a nuisance in adjacent agricultural lands. These suckers would do no harm in the 

 forests, where its use is recommended because of its rapid growth, coupled with the production 

 of a merchantable wood which is among the best of the poplars. It is especially suited for 

 U6e in naturally deep, fertile soils such as those formerly used for agriculture, but which 

 have been so cut up by trenches and by shell holes as to be useless for cultivation for many 

 years. The Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) might also prove a desirable species to use along 

 with white pine and white poplar, but not sufficient is known regarding its behavior in France 

 to warrant too hearty endorsement. — *S. T. Dana. 



552. Judd, C. S. Forestry as applied in Hawaii. Hawaiian Forest, and Agric. 15: 117— 

 133. May, 1918. This paper, originally delivered as an address, is divided into two parts; 

 the first is a popular discussion of forestry in general and the second covers Hawaiian forestry 



