March, 1920] FORESTRY 81 



problems. Once heavily forested except on the lee slopes, these islands now have only 20 

 per cent of their area in forest. There are four general types of forest, the Algaroba (Pro- 

 sopis juliflora) type, the Kukui (Ahiiritcs mollucana) type, the Ohia lehua {Metrosideros 

 collina pohjmorpha) type and the Mumani (Sophora chrysophylla) type. The Ohia lehua type 

 serves merely as protection forest for agriculture and the next preceding and following types 

 have large protective value, although they may be worked for their timber in a minor way. 

 The Algaroba type alone is primarily timber-producing. Protection is a prime requisite be- 

 cause the irrigated sugar industry in the lowlands depends upon these rain forests. Cutting, 

 but more particularly grazing, has caused the deterioration of the forests and their replace- 

 ment by hilo grass. Methods of ridding the forests of this grass are discussed, and warning 

 is sounded against wholesale importation of exotics which may prove worthless pests in 

 Hawaii. — F. S. Baker. 



553. Korstian, C. F. Life forms, leaf size and statistical methods in phytogeography. 

 [Rev. of: Smith, Wm. G. Raunkiaer's life forms and statistical methods. Jour. Ecol. 1: 16- 

 26. 1913.] Jour. Forestry 17:328-331. 1919. 



554. Korstian, C. F. Root habits of trees in northern Canada. [Rev. of: Pulling, 

 Howard E. Root habit and plant distribution in the far north. Plant World 21: 223-233. 

 1918.] Jour. Forestry 17: 327-328. 1919. 



555. Lee, Y. K. [Chinese] [Education in forestry.] Khu-Shou [Science, a publication 

 of the Science Society of China] 4: 159-163. 1918. 



556. Levy, E. Bruce. Seed-testing. New Zealand Jour. Agric. 18: 129. 1919.— The 

 writer states that seed-testing has been established by the New Zealand Department of 

 Agriculture for 10 years, although not yet compulsory. Two methods in common use, the 

 continental method and the Irish method, are briefly compared. The Irish method is the one 

 adopted in New Zealand and also in Great Britain. Theoretically the continental method is 

 said to be more nearly correct but it is so laborious as not to be practical. A description of the 

 New Zealand system follows in great detail, under the heads of: Process of germination, 

 Purity analysis, Recording of progressive germination, Reporting and accounts. — E. R. 

 Hodson. 



557. Mahood, S. A. The collection and some uses of the oleoresin of Douglas fir. (Oregon 

 fir balsam, Douglas fir turpentine). Amer. Jour. Pharm. 91:345-349. PL 1. 1919. — The 

 collection of the oleoresin of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia) is accomplished in one of two 

 ways. By the first, or "draining," method the oleoresin is allowed to drain into suitable 

 receptacles when the trees are felled. By the second, or "cruiser," method apertures are made 

 in the "pockets" produced by wind shakes, when the oleoresin readily flows out. — A descrip- 

 tion of the methods employed for the collection of oleoresin from the European larch follows, 

 which might presumably be applied to advantage in securing Douglas fir turpentine. By the 

 European method", holes (about 1 to 1| inches in diameter and a foot from the ground) are 

 bored to the centre of the tree, in the spring. They are then plugged and in the autumn 

 are opened and allowed to drain, or they may be left open from the first and allowed to drain 

 into suitable receptacles. The author suggests the combination of the European method 

 with the "cruiser" method. The remaining portion of the paper deals with the commercial 

 uses of the various oleore'sins. — Anton Hogstad, Jr.'\ 



558. Melrose, G. P. Red-belt injury in British Columbia. Canadian Forestry Jour. 14: 

 164. April, 1919. — A Red-belt injury in Douglas fir is reported for the spring of 1916. This 

 appears to have been caused by a sudden change in temperature during the time when the 

 trees were unable to secure water from the frozen ground, or while portions of the trunk were 

 frozen. No insect action yet noted in this connection. — E. N. Munns. 



