March, 1920] paleobotany 107 



729. Palm, BJ. Sur une Plasmodiophoracee nouv elle Liginera isoetis. [A new slime mold.] 

 Svensk Bot. Tidsskr. 12: 228-232. S jUj. 191s. I'ndor the name Liginera isoltia, Palm 

 describes a new species of the genus Liginera. This newly discos ered member of the Plasmodio- 

 phoraceae lives as a parasite w ithin t he cells of leaves of Tsoetis lacu%tr%8. Occasionally single 

 spore walls were found in cells at some distance from the main centers of infection. The 

 author thinks this distribution indicates infection by amoebae. — L. O. Kunkel. 



730. Tanaka, Ty6zabur6. New Japanese fungi. Notes and translations. VI.Mycologia 

 11:80-S6. 1919. — The following fungi are described: I'ncinula curvispora K. Ilara sp. nov. 

 (U. septala var. curvispora K. Haravar. nov.) on Fagus sylvalica vax.Siebaldi, U. geniculata 

 Gerard var. carpinicola K. Haravar. nov. on Carpinus sp., U.necalor (Schw.) Burr. var. Actin- 

 idae K. Hara comb. nov. on Actinidia polygama and A. Kolomikta, Microsphaera alni (Wallr.) 

 Salm. forma Quercus-glanduliferae K. Hara forma nov. on Quercus glandulifera, Macrophoma 

 Corchori Sawada sp. nov. on Cor chorus capsularis, Perenospora chenopodii-ficifolii Sawada 

 sp. nov. on Chenopodium ficifolium, Bremia sonchi K. Sawada sp. nov. on Sonchus oleraceus, 

 B. saussureae Sawada sp. nov. on Hemistepta carihamoides, B. ovata Sawada sp. nov. on 

 Crepis japonica, and Helicobasidium mompa N. Tanaka forma macrosporum K. Hara formi 

 nov. on Morus. — H. R. Rosen. 



731. Tanaka, Tt6zabur6. New Japanese fungi. Notes and translations— VII. My- 

 cologia 11: 148-154. 1919. — The following fungi are described: Didymella Mori K. Hara sp. 

 nov. on twigs of Morus alba, Mycosphaerella Colocasiae K. Hara sp. nov. causing a leaf spot of 

 Colocasia antiquorum, Valsa Mali Miyabe et Yameda ex M. Miura causing a twig disease of 

 apple, Diaporthe Mali Miura sp. nov. producing a leaf spot, fruit rot and twig blight of 

 apple. Phragmidium Rubi-Sieboldii Kawagoe sp. nov. on leaves of Rubus Sieboldii, Polyporus 

 pubertatis Yasuda sp. nov. on bark, Neottiospora Theae Sawada sp. nov. causing a leaf spot of 

 Thea sinensis, and Pestalozzia gossypii Hori sp. nov. ex S. Thuruda which produces reddish- 

 brown spots on cotton leaves. — H . R. Rosen. 



732. Weir, James R. Concerning the introduction into the United States of extra-limital 

 wood-destroying fungi. Mycologia 11: 58-65. 1919. — See Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 797. 



PALEOBOTANY AND EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY 



Edward W. Berry, Editor 



733. Arber, Agnes. Aquatic angiosperms : The significance of their systematic distribution. 

 Jour. Botany 57: 83-86. 1919. — Aquatic angiosperms are not primitive, but descendents of ter- 

 restrial ancestors. Their floral organs are decidedly terrestrial. A study of the sytematic dis- 

 tribution of aquatic families and species of Angiosperms shows certain general conclusions. 

 Most obvious is the relative paucity of hydrophytes. Families of such are almost negligible. 

 This is to the author not surprising, since the phanerogams are a terrestrial stock. Also, the area 

 of freshwater is much smaller than the land surface. The occurrence of aquatic forms in many 

 different families and genera, with no apparent rule, is noted. Many aquatic members in a 

 family is held to show that the habit is ancient in that family, the differentiation of genera 

 having occurred since the aquatic habit was adopted. The Nymphaeaceae and Podostema- 

 ceae are cited as examples - . The primitive nature of the Helobieae is noted and the possible 

 relation to the Ranales discussed. The aquatic habit here is ancient though the ancestors 

 were terrestrial. The great diversity in this group is also noted, as suggesting its primitive 

 nature. It is suggested that the primitive Ranalean and Heliobian stock was particularly 

 adapted to aquatic life. It is significant that no Sympetalous family has become entirely 

 aquatic and no species has acquired submerged pollination. In the Compositae there are 

 barely a one-half dozen aquatic members. The same is true of the early cohorts of the Engler 

 tystcm, which are now considered to be recent reduced forms. Aquatic habit in the dicots is 

 largely confined to the Polypetalae, and mostly to the Ranales. The Sympetalae may now 



