134 FORESTRY [Bot. Absts. 



with this suggestion a meeting of botanists known to be in sympathy with the ideas of the 

 memorandum was held in London in January, and a small committee was appointed to com- 

 pile such a syllabus." — 7. F. Lewis. 



924. Lantes, Adelaida. Como se prepara un herbario. [How to prepare an herbarium.] 

 Revist. Agric. Com. y Trab. 2: 285. 1 fig. 1919. 



925. King, Cyrus A. Changes in teaching botany in our high schools. Torreya 19: 65- 

 71. 1919. — The present curriculum practically cuts off the bright pupils from taking botany. 

 Insufficient time is given for the development of fundamental principles. The course should 

 be more definitely organized. It should be made to assist in a better comprehension of life- 

 processes, of the relation of biology to human welfare, and in developing citizenship. This 

 can be better accomplished in the study of biology than in general science. — J. C. Nelson. 



926. Mann, Paul B. The relation of first-year botany to advanced work, with references 

 to certain applications and by-products. Torreya 19: 72-78. 1919. — The contributions of first- 

 year botany to advanced courses and later life are: (1) In offering an approach to rational 

 sex-hygiene; (2) As a basis for general hygiene; (3) Working material for individual culture; 

 (4) To insure intelligent citizenship; (5) To discover latent scientific talent. — J. C. Nelson. 



927. Hughes, Francis T. Botany in the city high schools. Torreya 19: 57-65. 1919. — 

 High-school botany is suffering from prejudice and the competition of other subjects. The 

 solution is not hopeless if the subject is properly vitalized. We should teach botany from the 

 pupil's environment. One complete object should be used as a starting-point. The tree is 

 the most familiar and accessible object for the city pupil, and can be used to illustrate all the 

 vital processes. — J. C. Nelson. 



FOREST BOTANY AND FORESTRY 



Raphael Zon, Editor 



928. Adkin, B. W. Some very injurious beetles. Quart Jour. Forest. 13 : 45-49. 1919. 

 — Pine weevils, particularly the large brown pine weevil (Hylobius abietis, L.), which devours 

 the bark on the stems of young coniferous trees, and the pine beetle (Myelophilus piniperda, 

 L.), which destroys the branches of pines, are generally regarded as being the most injurious 

 beetles of coniferous woods and plantations in Great Britain. There are other injurious bee- 

 tles which though not generally regarded as injurious are in fact quite as much so. These 

 belong to the genus Hylastes and include five known British species; two of these are very 

 rare, and may be disregarded; two others, H. ater, Payk., and H. palliatus, Er., are very 

 common. The third species, H. cunicularius, Gyll., is said not to be common, but still has 

 been proven quite so in Scotland. These three beetles are not much larger than one of the 

 common ants. They spend their lives in places where but little is seen of them. The larvae 

 of the first named feed under the bark of the roots of Scotch pine trees which have been re- 

 cently felled, or which are dead or in sickly condition. The larvae of the second named 

 feed under the bark of the roots of spruce trees. The larvae of the third feed under the bark 

 of Scotch pine and also less frequently of spruce and larch. — C. R. Tillotson. 



929. Anonymous. Annual report of the forest department of the Union of South Africa 

 for year ending March 31, 1918. 43 p. Cape Town, 1918. — This is the annual administrative 

 report of the Department and covers a wide range of subjects in summarized form. The in- 

 fluence of the war is shown in bringing the urgency of the forest problem to public attention. 

 It is pointed out that not much more than 5 per cent of the probable future requirements of 

 the country for softwood (which comprises 90 per cent of the consumption) can be supplied 

 even with the forests in a high state of productivity. Planting must therefore be undertaken 

 on an extensive scale to make up the deficiency. It is planned to plant a total area of 300,000 

 acres and an additional fund of £50,000 was appropriated in 1918, to get the enlarged program 

 under way. — E. R. Hodson. 



