140 



FORESTRY 



[Bot. Absts. 



967. Whellens, W. H. Coppice standards. Trans. Roy. Scottish Arboric Soc. 33: 87- 

 88. 1919. — A short article in refutation of a statement to the effect that "standards in cop- 

 pice were left for the express purpose of growing crooked timber for ship-building." — C. R. 

 Tillotson. 



968. Whitford, H. N., and R. D. Craig. Forests of British Columbia. Rept. Comm. 

 Conserv. Canada, Committee on Forests. 409 p. 28 pi., 21 maps. 1918. — This reports the 

 results of three years work by the authors in securing personal knowledge of local conditions 

 in each district and in compiling a large amount of data, including detailed estimates and 

 reports on stands furnished by the British Columbia Forest Branch, timber owners, cruisers, 

 surveyors and others. The forest land area of the province is placed at 149,344 square miles, 

 as compared with 117,000 square miles in the Pacific Coast States of the United States, but 

 the stand of merchantable timber in the former is estimated at only 366 billion board feet as 

 compared with 1300 billion in the latter. The timber on two-thirds of the forest land area of 

 the province has been totally destroyed by fire, and over half of the remainder has been seri- 

 ously damaged, 200,000 square miles of the province is non-forest land, incapable of producing 

 forests of commercial value. Over half the area of the province is unsuitable either for forestry 

 or agriculture. About 145,000 square miles of this lie above altitudinal merchantable tim- 

 ber line and 55,000 below timber line with soil either too rocky or wet, or the forest so com- 

 pletely destroyed by fire that there is no hope for the natural re-establishment of forest con- 

 ditions for centuries to come. — The Coast forests of the province comprise only 23,447 square 

 miles of the forest land area, 11,362 square miles of which is merchantable timber with an 

 average stand of about 30,000 board feet per acre; while the Interior forests comprise 125,897 

 square miles, 40,649 of which is merchantable forest with an average stand of about 5000 

 board feet per acre. The total stand of timber is estimated at about 230 billion feet "in the 

 Coast and 137 billion in the Interior region. The forest land area comprises 36.5 per cent of 

 the Coast region, 43.4 per cent of the Interior region and 42.2 per cent of the entire province. 

 — The timber of the province is practically all soft-woods, containing the following estimated 

 amounts and per cents: 



SPECIES 



Western red cedar 



Douglas fir 



Spruce (all species) 



Western hemlock 



White fir (balsam) 



Lodgepole pine 



Western yellow pine 



Yellow cypress 



Western larch 



Western white pine 



Cottonwood 



Total saw material 



Piling, poles, pulpwood, etc 



Total forest resources .... 



Per 



cent 



22.2 



21.7 



20. S 



18.3 



9.4 



3.4 



1.2 



1.1 



0.9 



0.8 



0.2 



The report analyzes in detail the timber and forest conditions, physical features and land 

 classification, separately by regions, districts, and drainage basins. There are separate 

 silvicultural descriptions of all the important species including character of occurrence, 

 stand per acre, silvical characteristics and utilization, together with notes on insects attack- 



