146 GENETICS [Bot. Absts. 



1002. Hall, Prescott. Aristocracy and politics. Jour. Heredity 10: 166-168. 1919. — 

 The last of the articles discussing the position of Ireland [See Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 261] on 

 democracy and the accepted facts of heredity, in which the danger of government by the 

 mediocre majority is pointed out. [See Bot. Absts. 3, Entries 984, 1000.] — M. J. Dorsey. 



1003. Harland, S. C. Inheritance of certain characters in the cowpea (Vigna sinensis). 

 Jour. Genetics 8: 101-132. 1 fig. Apr., 1919. — This paper reports studies on flower color, 

 seedcoat pattern, and seedcoat color. Dark, pale, and white flower colors occur. Appar- 

 ently satisfactory interpretations of numerical results are obtained by assuming pale flower 

 color to be due to a factor L, effective (in production of pale color) only in Holstein and 

 Small-eye types (see below). Another factor D, apparently identical with factor W (see 

 below), converts pale into dark flower color. Validity of this interpretation depends on 

 proof that white may be of two types, HDD and lldd, factor D being without effect on 

 flower color except in presence of L. Studies on this point not concluded. Three "eye," 

 or seedcoat pattern factors were found, W, H, and Hi, the two latter having identical 

 effects but being independent in inheritance. Combination of W with either H or Hi gives 

 solid color. Absence of all three factors gives Small eye. W converts Small eye into Watson 

 and Holstein into solid color. H converts Small eye into Holstein and Watson into solid 

 color. The evidence for two Holstein factors is not considered entirely conclusive, but is 

 very strong. — Representing solid color by S, Watson by W, Holstein by H, and Small eye 

 by SE, the F2 of crosses between Small eye and solid should give the unusual ratio 455:3 IT: 

 15H:1SE, and results confirm this. — Three factors affecting seedcoat color were found. 

 Factor B converts brown seedcoat into black, and is responsible for dark red or purple tips 

 on young pods, and for red in calyx and peduncles. Factor M, in absence of N gives 

 maroon seedcoat, while N, in absence of M, gives light brown coat. M and N together 

 give dark brown coat. — Types with white seeds and having flowers distinctly tinged with 

 violet were found, as were also solid-colored types with white flowers. — W. J. Spillman. 



1004. Hartmann, Max. Theoretische Bedeutung und Terminologie der Vererbungs- 

 erscheinungen bei haploiden Organismen. (Chlamydomonas, Phycomyces, Honigbiene). 

 [Theoretical significance and terminology of the phenomena of inheritance in haploid organisms. 

 (Chlamydomonas, Phycomyces, honey bee.)] Zeitschr. indukt. Abstamm. Vererb. 20: 1-26. 

 6 fig. Sept., 1918. — Author tried in vain for three years to raise parthenogenetic progeny of 

 Bombyx mori. He refers in detail to the work of (1) Pascher on the haploid progeny of a cross 

 of two species of Chlamydomonas which differed in more than five characters; (2) Burgeff, 

 who grew a haploid generation from a cross of two varieties of Phycomyces, showing segre- 

 gation for sex as well as for the varietal difference; (3) Newell, who found haploid segrega- 

 gation among the drones of Apis mellifica. He prefers the substantive terms haplont and 

 diplont for the two stages. — John Belling. 



1005. Hertwig, Gunther. Kreuzungsversuche an Amphibien. [Hybridization studies 

 on amphibians.] Arch. Mikrosk. Anat. 91:203-271. 2 fig. Aug. 20. 1918.— The paper 

 describes, in detail, experiments on hybridizing amphibians (species of Rana, Bufo, Triton, 

 Hyla and Pelobates). In some cases, no results were obtained because of inability of sperm 

 to enter egg. In others, polyspermy caused irregular cleavage and early death. The more 

 successful cases are classified in several groups. Some crosses produced true hybrids (ortho- 

 nothi) in which there was biparental inheritance. In others, the sperm nucleus took no 

 part (pseudonothi). The true hybrids might develop fairly normally (tokonothi if fertile, 

 steironothi if sterile), or they might become malformed and die early (dysnothi). In the 

 present work, none of the hybrids were kept long enough to test fertility. With partheno- 

 genetic development, the nuclei might be either haploid or diploid. In the former case, the 

 volume of the nucleus was only half normal and the tadpoles were dwarfish. In the latter 

 case, they developed like the maternal species as far as observed. Reciprocal crosses might 



