148 GENETICS [Bot. Absts. 



called parthenogenetic, are "autoblastic" or "lipospermic." Progeny are "impaternate" or 

 "fatherless." "Virgo intacto" is any adult female not covered (most frogs are always such). 

 Eggs fertilized after discharge are "planktogamic," fertilized within female "hysterogamic," 

 on surface of female "propylogamic." Female (already noted) bearing hysterogamic eggs 

 is a "conjunx," planktogamic or propylogamic a "virgin." Examples are given of use of 

 these terms. — Merle C. Coulter. 



1011. Lippincott, W. A. The breed in poultry and pure breeding. Jour. Heredity 10: 

 71-79. Fig. 10-16. Feb., 1919. — A brief statement is given of the significance of breed as 

 U6ed by poultry breeders, and the divisions into classes, breeds and varieties accepted in 

 chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese. Emphasis is placed upon the fact that "appearance 

 and not pedigree" is the criterion in poultry breeding. The appearance of an individual or 

 of a breed is not regarded as an accurate index of its hereditary make-up. An instance is 

 given in the case of one family of White Wyandottes, the members of which had repeatedly 

 won prizes in the larger shows in which one breed possessed factors normal to other breeds. 

 Single comb segregates have appeared in this family, and it was found by crossing several 

 females with males carrying the black pigment, that this family also carried the factor which, 

 acting on black pigment, renders it bluish gray as in the Blue Andalusian. These crosses 

 also showed that this family possessed the sex-linked factor for barring as found in Barred 

 Plymouth Rock and White Leghorn. The author suggests the probability that these char- 

 acters have gotten into the germ plasm of this breed by crossing rather than being the appear- 

 ance of ancestral characters, and postulates the possibility of a cross with a White Plymouth 

 Rock. — M. J. Dorsey. 



1012. Love, H. H., and W. T. Craig. The synthetic production of wild wheat forms. 

 Jour. Heredity 10: 51-64. 1 pi., 9 fig. Feb., 1919. — This article discusses the appearance of a 

 type of wheat in certain crosses between a durum with a common wheat which "is similar in 

 all respects to the typical wild wheat of Palestine," Triticum dicoccum dicoccoides, discussed 

 previously by Kornicke, Aaronsohn and Cook. The synthetic type appeared in the F 2 of a 

 cross between Early Red Chief (T. vulgare) and Marouani (T. durum). The former variety 

 is beardless, with smooth brown chaff and a red kernel and the latter, a typical durum form, 

 has a smooth white or yellowish-white chaff and a yellow or yellowish-white kernel. Photo- 

 graphs are included showing the parents, the Fi, and some of the F 2 and Fj types. The 

 types similar to the wild arose from two F 2 plants, No. 112 and 113, which possessed the 

 brittle rachises, long basal hairs or bristles, long kernels which resembled the wild types 

 and flat heads. The spikelets, however, were somewhat broader than the wild types. Sev- 

 enty F 3 plants were grown of the No. 112 which segregated for various characters. In color 

 of chaff, 52 were brown and 18 were white. Eighteen were awnless, 3S were intermediate and 

 14 were awned. All kernels were red, many were long like the wild types, and most plants 

 produced heads with fragile rachises. Only 10 F 3 plants were obtained from No. 113, which in 

 general behaved like No. 112. Some of the F 3 plants were tested further in the F 4 ; these 

 were characterized by brittle rachises, red kernels and long basal bristles. Some of the 

 pedigrees gave rise to plants in all respects similar to the wild. Seed from selected plants of 

 the F< were again sown with the result that the Ft was very similar to the F 4 . Some of the 

 families in the Fa, particularly two, were like the wild type in all of their characters. The 

 offspring of 2030al-112-7 were all classed as wild types which led the authors to state that, 

 "there is no question of doubt but that types in every way similar to the wild wheat have 

 been produced synthetically." Among the segregates of 112, it is of interest to note that 

 reversed awns, which have never been observed in any other cross, were found in some types. 

 In these cases the awn was borne on the empty glume and the beak on the flowering glume. 

 Considerable data are also given of the inheritance of characters in the Fi and F 2 of the 

 cross from which plants 112 and 113 arose. — The evidence presented in this paper is of con- 

 siderable interest from the standpoint of the prototype of the common wheats. The forms 

 resembling the wild types so closely, appeared as segregates in crosses rather than by muta- 

 tion, but this is not regarded as positive evidence that the wild wheats of Palestine are proto- 



