152 GENETICS [Bot. Absts. 



1031. Sand, K. Experimenteller Hermaphroditismus. [Experimental hermaphroditism.] 

 Pfli'igers Arch. Physiol. 173: 1-7. 1918. — This is preliminary paper in which writer states 

 briefly results of experiments on transplantation of gonads of rats and guinea-pigs. In the 

 main, he confirms Steinach. By transplantation of testes into spayed female rats he obtained 

 development of both somatic and psychic characters of the male to considerable extent. He 

 succeeded in transplanting simultaneously an ovary and a testis into a castrated male guinea- 

 pig, which became hermaphroditic both somatically and in behavior. Transplantation of 

 ovaries into uncastrated males failed except in cases in which the ovary was inserted in 

 middle of testis. This succeeded in both rats and guinea pigs. Female characteristics de- 

 veloped to some extent at least in latter. In both cases ripe follicles and corpora lutea were 

 formed in contact with testicular tissue, which, in the rat, showed spermatogenesis. A 

 theoretical explanation is attempted. — Sewall Wright. 



1032. Sargent, P. Variability in plants. Gard. Chron. 65:299. June 14, 1919 — 

 Reports that Fuchsia Riccartonia and F. pumila not uncommonly have leaves in whorls of 

 three. [See Bot. Absts. 3, Entries 973, 975, 1021.]— John Bushnell. 



1033. Satjnders, A. P. How to hybridize peonies. Florists' Exch. 48:187. Aug. 2, 

 1919. [Also Bull. Peony News, No. 8, May 19, 1919.] — Very popular account of the technique 

 of hybridization, especially as applied to peonies. — Orland E. White. 



1034. Schacke, Martha A. A chromosome difference between the sexes of Sphaero- 

 carpos texanus. Science 49:218-219. Feb. 28, 1919. — Eight chromosomes are found in the 

 cells of both the male and the female gametophytes. The chromosome groups are alike as to 

 seven of the eight chromosomes, which are rod-shaped, usually curved. The eighth chromo- 

 some in the female is longer and thicker than any of the other seven. The male doe's not 

 possess this large chromosome, but has instead a very small one, commonly nearly spherical, 

 and much smaller than any in the female. — C. E. Allen. 



1035. Sheppard, W. J. Hermaphrodite bees. Jour. Heredity 10: 160. April, 1919. — 

 One hive of bees was found to throw out malformed bees for two successive seasons, 1917 and 

 1918. Thirteen distinct types were observed, such as a worker eye on one side, and a drone 

 eye on the other, or perfectly formed drones as far as the petiole with the remainder of the 

 body and the stinger like the worker. Others again were the reverse of this. These forms 

 came from worker cells and were so capped that they could be recognized before they hatched. 

 Five queens hatched from this colony and all perpetuated similar malformations. — M. J. 

 Dorsey. 



1036. Shtjll, A. F. Environment and inherited characters in Hydatina senta. Biol. Bull. 

 34: 335-350. 1918. — Females living in water openly exposed to the air lay about 52 per cent 

 of their eggs at the surface film, but those living in water exposed to an atmosphere con- 

 taining an excess of oxygen, lay only about 25 per cent at the surface film. These latter 

 females produce eggs that are slightly larger than the eggs which the females produce while 

 living in water exposed to ordinary air. — The eggs laid in the water exposed to oxygen, hatch 

 in a slightly shorter time and more uniformly than the other eggs under air conditions. More 

 eggs are laid at the surface film at high temperatures than at low temperatures. — Fertilized 

 eggs kept continuously at low temperatures, 2° to 12°C, above freezing, hatch better than 

 those kept at room temperature. Those which do not hatch readily are not induced to hatch 

 better by freezing. Cross-bred fertilized eggs hatch better than inbred ones when dried 

 overnight and remoistened. Fewer inbred fertilized eggs hatched after being dried for four 

 weeks than those dried for shorter periods. — D. D. Whitney. 



1037. Southworth, W. Twinning in alfalfa. Jour. Heredity 10: 182-1S3. Fig. 18-1$. 

 April, 1919. — Twin hybrids appeared in alfalfa crosses which were identical in appearance. 

 The line of descent in which they appeared is as follows: The original cross between alfalfa 

 and Black Medick was made in 1912. In 1913 an F 3 plant of this combination was crossed 



