April, 1920] PALEOBOTANY It). - , 



1138. Ranoievitch, Nicolas. Sur quelques especes nouvelles de Champignons. [Some 

 new species of fungi.] Hull. Trirnest. Sue. Mycolog. France 35: II 26. Pig, / ;;. l\t\<j.~ 

 The author collected 203 species of fungi in the Basses-Alpea, 1 1 specie and 3 rarii 

 which were new to science: Sphaerella radiata n. sp., Pyrenophora Melil / , no- 

 phora Pellatii, n. sp., Cronartium Euphrasiae, n. sp., Placoaphaeria A p< n 



ularis Dematium (Pers.) Fr. var. Phalangii, n. var., Cytospora Aeaculi, n. sp., 8*ptoria >>n<>- 

 brychnidis, n. sp., Septoria monspessulani, n. sp., Leptothyrium coronatum q, ;, /., , ■ . tro- 

 mella hyslerioides (Fr.) Sacc. var. Calamagrostidis, n. var., Gloeosporium aecidiieola, n. 

 Monosporium Centranthi, n. sp., Rarmdaspera Poterii, n. sp., Ramularia Hieracii, n. sp., and 

 R. Jacobeae, n. sp. A detailed description of these fungi and figures within the text are given 

 by the author. — Fred C. Werkenthin. 



1139. Spratt, Ethel R. A comparative account of the root-nodules of the Leguminosae. 

 Ann. Bot. 33 : 1S9-199. PI. 13, fig. 1-5. 1919.— Besides the legumes, two gymnospermous fam- 

 ilies (Cycadaceae and Podocarpaceae), two dicotyledonous families (Eleagnaceae and Myri- 

 caceae), and the genera Alnus and Ceanothus are said by the author to bear root-nodule* 

 containing Bacillus radicicola. The root-tubercles of the non-legumes are modified lateral 

 roots, while those of legumes are exogenous in origin. The leguminous nodules are placed 

 in four groups: (1) The Genista type, in which the vascular supply forms one broad zone across 

 the base, and the bacteroidal tissue becomes divided into several parts. (2) The Phaseoleae 

 and Trifolieae type, in which the bacteroidal tissue always remains an undivided central 

 zone. (3) The Viceae type, in which there is a well-defined apical meristem with a basal 

 intercalary zone. Zoogleal infection threads are very prominent in this type. (4) The 

 Mimosoideae type, in which the nodules persist more than one year. The production of 

 slime is connected with the amount of nitrogen fixed, and is influenced by the medium in which 

 the bacteria are living. — E. W. Olive. 



PALEOBOTANY AND EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY 



Edw'ard W. Berry, Editor 



1140. Chamberlain, C. J. Fossil plants. [Rev. of: Seward, A. C. Fossil plants, a 

 textbook for students of botany and geology. Vol. III. Pterdiospermae, Cycadofilices, Cordai- 

 tales, Cycadophyta. 8vo. xviii + 656 p. Fig. 253. Cambridge University Press. 1917.] 

 Bot. Gaz. 67: 93-95. Jan., 1919. 



1141. Knowlton, F. H. Description of a supposed new fossil species of maize from Peru. 

 Jour. Washington [D. C] Acad. Sci. 9: 134-136. 1919. — A fossilized ear of corn recently re- 

 ceived from Peru by the TJ. S. National Museum is described, and the species named Zea 

 anliqua. Although the specimen externally resembles certain living South American types, 

 yet its complete fossilization indicates to the author a possible age of several thousand year.-. 

 making the date of the first appearance of maize or its ancestors much earlier than is usually 

 believed. — Helen M. Gilkey. 



1142. Small, James. The origin and development of the Compositae. New Phytol. 18: 

 65-89. Fig. 41-55. 1919.— A brief history (1 p.) is given of the theories of various auth. n 

 ending with the statement that "the remarkable number of characters which are common I 

 the Lobelioideae and the Compositae leaves very little doubt of the true affinity of the two 

 groups." — A discussion (13 p.) of the theories of evolution, written from th> nian point 

 of view, includes paragraphs on Natural selection, Hybridization, Mutations. Orthogent • 

 Epharmosis, and Isolation and Differentiation. Epharmosis is defined as "the act of devel- 

 oping epharmony in Cockayne's sense of the word," which "limits epharmony to adaptati 

 which are the direct result of an environmental stimulus . . . ." Both ortnogen 

 and epharmosis are emphasized by the author as especially applicable to the Compositae. 

 To orthogenesis is compared the "evolution" of the Uranium-Actinium series in some detail. 



