166 PATHOLOGY [Bot. Absts. 



The author's conclusion is: "In evolution by orthogenetic saltation, with epharmosis and elim- 

 ination of the unfit exercising a directing and delimiting function on the actual forms assumed 

 by organized life, we have the best of Darwinism, neo-Lamarckism, neo-vitalism, Mendelism 

 and the mutation theory." — An examination (6 p.) of the characters of the Lobeliodeae leads 

 to the conclusion that this group shows sixteen "characters and tendencies, or lines of ortho- 

 genesis, leading towards the Compositae." — The paper closes with a description of the pos- 

 sible origin of the basal genus Senecio from such a Lobelioid, as Siphocampylus. — I. F. Lewis. 



1143. Arber, the late E. A. Newell. Remarks on the organization of the cones of Wil- 

 liamsonia gigas. (L and H) Ann. Bot. 33: 173-179. Fig. 1-5. 1919. — There are several un- 

 certainties in regard to the exact organization of the cones owing to the fact that the male 

 organs have never been found attached to the axis. From the evidence already available an 

 attempt is made to determine the balance of probability in regard to the chief uncertainties. 

 The following conclusions are reached: (1) The cones were monosporangiate, the female 

 having a conical axis and the male an urn-shaped one. (2) The microsporophylls were borne 

 on the tip of the urn-shaped axis which were therefore of the nature of a gonophore. (3) The 

 axis of the female cone projected beyond the seeds and interseminal scales but bore no organ 

 at its apex. — W. P. Thompson. 



1144. Stjmner, F. B. Adaptation and the problem of "organic purposefulness." Amer. 

 Nat. 53 : 193-217. 1919. — Author considers organic adaptation as central problem in evolution 

 and biology in spite of denials by such writers as Livingston that a problem really exists, or 

 of attempts to minimize idea of specific definiteness in adaptive responses by Parker who 

 emphasizes versatility of reactions. Author's analysis leads him to regard adaptive response 

 as secondary phenomenon based on preceding "trial and error" stages or on inherited mech- 

 anism due to selection. Vitalists' assumption of entelechy guiding behavior of organisms 

 characterizes as mystical; also indeterministic since given sequence of events may or may 

 not come to pass depending on whim of entelechy. — J. P. Kelly. 



PATHOLOGY 



Donald Red dick, Editor 



1145. Anonymous. Orchard pests and diseases: directions for control. New Zealand 

 Jour. Agric. 18 : 182. 1919. — Formula for principal sprays are given including a table for stand- 

 ardizing home-made lime-sulphur solution. — E. R. Hodson. 



1146. Anonymous. Making and applying Bordeaux. Potato Mag. I 12 : 6. S fig. 1919. 



1147. Anonymous. Diseases in plantations of exotic trees. New Zealand Jour. Agric. 

 18: 63. 1919. — Plantings of Betula alba are reported to be suffering from attacks by Melamp- 

 soridium betulinae; and Pinus radiata has been found injured by Lophodermium pinastri. 

 The European larch (Larix europaea) is apparently far more susceptible than the Japanese 

 larch (Larix leptolepis) to injury from the needle shedding fungus. [See Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 

 505.] — N. J. Giddings. 



1148. Anonymous. Revised compatibility chart of insecticides and fungicides. New 

 Zealand Jour. Agric. 18: 39-40. 1919. — Gives chart as revised by G. P. Gray of California. — 

 N. J. Giddings. 



1149. Anonymous. The home orchard. New Zealand Jour. Agric. 18: 40-44. 1919. — 

 See Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 1051. 



1150. Arnould, A. Dommages causes aux vegetaux par les fumees industrielles. [Dam- 

 age caused to plants by industrial fumes.] Rev. of: Holmes, J. A., E. C. Franklin, and R. 

 A. Gould. Report of the Selby Smelter Commission. U. S. Dept. Interior, Bur. Mines Bull. 



