194 AGRONOMY [Bot. Absts. 



( Typha) rhizomes dried and pulverized were used by the Indians as a sweet flour for making bread 

 and pudding; bruised and boiled fresh they made a syrupy gluten in which corn meal pudding 

 was mixed. J. D. Hooker states that Typha pollen is made into bread by the natives of Scind 

 and New Zealand. — This plant is found in large quantities in what is usually considered waste 

 ground. The rhizomes form a network 3 to 4 inches under ground and measure f to 1 inch in 

 diameter. The starch is found in almost a solid mass in the center of the rhizome. Based 

 on a square-yard determination, the yield would approximate 5500 pounds of flour per 

 acre. — A comparison of cat-tail flour with other flours shows a very similar composition. 

 Puddings and biscuit were made with 33, 50 and 100 per cent cat-tail flour and the flavor 

 was pleasing. — Questions of cultivation and practical methods of separating the flour need 

 further investigation. — L. Pace. 



1355. Cockayne, A. H. Cocksfoot: Its establishment and maintenance in pasture. New 

 Zealand Jour. Agric. 18: 257-271. Fig. 1-12. 1919. — This grass (Dactylis glomerata) is one of 

 the most important used in the formation of New Zealand pastures on account of its large 

 yield, high degree of palatability, varied adaptations to soil and climate, and its great per- 

 sistence. It is not used so much for short rotation pastures as for those of long duration. 

 Cocksfoot has two great disadvantages (1) its tussocky growth-form and (2) almost complete 

 stoppage of growth during the winter. On steep slopes it does not last long unless in mixture 

 with turf forming grasses such as Poa pratensis and crested dogs-tail. When subjected to 

 continuous grazing (the usual practice in New Zealand grassland) seed is rarely produced. 

 Approximately 2000 tons of cocksfoot seed are sown annually in New Zealand. A good crop 

 of seed of this species will average 150 to 200 pounds per acre. — E. R. Hodson. 



1356. Cruz, Jose. El abonado de la remolacha. [Fertilization of the sugar beet.] Infor- 

 macion Agric. [Madrid] 9: 171-173. 1919.— See. Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 1784. 



1357. DeOng, E. R. Effect of excessive sterilization measures on the germination of seeds. 

 Jour. Econ. Entomol. 12: 343-345. 1919. 



1358. Dibble, W. Seed-Potatoes: Experiment at Weraroa, regarding size, etc. New 

 Zealand Jour. Agric. 18:297-298. 1919. — The objects were to find out the most profitable 

 and economical size of cut or whole potato for seed purposes, and the best depth to plant the 

 seed as a preventive against blight. It is concluded that cut seed-tubers deeply planted in 

 well prepared and drained soil, give the best results. — E. R. Hodson. 



1359. Doblas, Jose Herrera. Seleccion de semillas. [Seed selection.] Bol. Assoc. 

 Agric. Espana 11:90-95. 1919. — The importance of seed selection to the agriculturists of 

 Spain, based on search for and use of seed from plants found resistant to drought and poor 

 soil (the unfavorable conditions most common) is emphasized. — John A. Stevenson. 



1360. Findlat, Wm. M. Red clover. North Scotland Coll. Agric. Bull. 24. 39 p. 1919. 

 The failure to obtain a stand of red clover is attributed to three causes: (1) Poor or un- 

 adapted seed, (2) Unfavorable soil, (3) Competition of nurse crop or other plants in meadow 

 or pasture mixture. English late-flowering (Trijohum perenne) and English broad-leafed 

 (7 1 . pralense) clovers from colder or more northerly regions are best adapted for northern 

 Scotland. Too thick seeding of the nurse crop, and the use of rapidly growing grasses such 

 as Italian rye-grass in the meadow or pasture mixture reduces the stand of clover. Lack of 

 potash and lime, not phosphates, is the limiting fertilizer factor. Clover after potatoes was 

 better than after turnips. The amount of soil moisture was less after late pulled turnips, and 

 on unmanured soils. — M. F. Abell. 



1361. Findlat, Wm. M. The size of seed. North Scotland Coll. Agric. Bull. 23. 15 p. 

 1919. Large and small seed of various crops were compared under two heads: (1) Differences 

 in yield due to different sized seeds in the same sample. (2) Differences in yield due to differ- 

 ent sized seeds in different samples of the same variety. Results showed increases the first 

 year in the first group, and variation in the latter group, the variation being ascribed to the 

 greater influence on yield of strain and origin than of size of seed. — M . F. Abell. 



