June, 19201 FORESTRY 295 



from 1885 to 1912 brought :3 1 , 1 17 hectares into forest production at a cost of 15.61 million 

 francs. This was divided in approximately the following proportions: four-fifths for drain- 

 age, one-twelfth for irrigation, and the remainder for improvement cuttings. [See next 

 following Entry, 2021.] — J. V. Hofmann, 



2021. Fluky, P. II. Bodenverbesserungen oder Waldrodungen? [Soil improvement or 

 forest management?] Schweiz. Zeitschr. Forstwesen 70: 139-15"). 1«.IH). The federal forest 

 laws of Switzerland, passed in 1902, provided that the forest area must not be reduced. This 

 provision was made because it was found that the forest area was too small to supply the 

 demand and provide for continuous forest industries. The method of clear-cutting has 

 always been discouraged because it resulted in nonproductive land being left withoul a forest 

 crop. The unprecedented demand for agricultural land during the world war caused further 

 laws to be passed providing for the replacement of forests and their protection. The increased 

 cost of labor is a decisive factor at the present time and is a strong argument for bringing the 

 forests to their highest state of production. The author gives figures which show that 13 

 days' labor per hectare per year are required to produce a mixed stand 25 years old, also 

 that a cost of 20 days' labor is required to prepare the soil and stock a stand. He gives other 

 specific instances which are below and above these figures. The contention is that the forest 

 should be extended to the level as well as the hilly country to be used as a protection forest 

 against severe climatic conditions and to moderate the climate to favor the agricultural crops. 

 [See next preceding Entry, 2020.] — J. V. Hofmann. 



2022. Forbes, R. D. A forest policy for Louisiana. Jour. Forestry 17: 503-514. 1919. — 

 Louisiana embraces 28 million acres, 25 per cent of which are in use now, 84 per cent of which 

 are arable, and 16 per cent of which are best suited for forests. Conditions in each of the 

 natural vegetative regions are summarized. The forestry department is to work for the ac- 

 quisition and management of true forest lands, fire protection of the pine forests, and the 

 encouragement of forestry in woodlots in the agricultural region and in timbered areas en 

 large tracts of privately owned lands. — E. N. Munns. 



2023. Graves, Henry S. Farm woodlands and the war. U. S. Dept. Agric. Yearbook 

 1918: 317-327. 1919. — The demands of war for boxes, crates, and containers and the special 

 demand of hardwoods for specialized purposes, brought out clearly the importance of the 

 farm woodlot. Walnut, ash, hickory, and other invaluable hardwoods do not grow in great 

 massed forests but are mixed and scattered over wide areas and are in the hands of small 

 owners. Black walnut for gunstocks and aeroplane propellers, black locust for tree nails, 

 chestnut for tanning, ash and hickory for tools and vehicles, oak for ships and wood for 

 acetone and alcohol; all had to come from the woodlots scattered through the country. This 

 market developed by the war is bound to keep up as the industries using such lumber are 

 peace industries with a great future. Woodlots should be improved and waste land should 

 be set out in these valuable trees. Farm forestry should become an appealing practical 

 business proposition. — C. J. Shirk. 



2024. Harper, Roland M. A forest reconnaissance of the Delaware peninsula. Jour. 

 Forestry 17: 546-555. 1919. — The Delaware peninsula, embracing Delaware and part of Vir- 

 ginia and Maryland is divided into five regions based on geological structure and soil dif- 

 ferences which are described according to the tree growth, and for each region a tree census 

 was compiled. — E. N. Munns 



2025. Hartjens, J. C. Onderzoek naar de practische bruikbaarheid van een nieuw 

 apparaat ter bepaling van het rubber-gehalte van latex. [On the use of a new apparatus for the 

 determination of the rubber content of latex.] Arch. Rubbercult. Nederlandsch-Indie 3: 77- 

 104. 1919. — A long article on the description, use, and the results obtained with a new and com- 

 plicated colorimetric apparatus to determine the rubber content of Hevea latex. Results 

 show that at present the apparatus is of little value in determining the rubber content of 

 latex, and the use of the apparatus in factories on rubber estates is pronounced impractical 

 because it demands too careful handling and the utmost cleanliness. — W. E. Cake. 



