298 FORESTRY [Bot. Absts. 



and the fact that the country lay 50 meters lower after the recession of the glaciers. The 

 value of dilTerent native species of trees for use in the higher forests is considered; of these 

 Norway spruce appears best adapted since it reproduces better in the upper regions than 

 other trees, protects the ground better, and withstands climatic conditions better. Recom- 

 mendations for cutting and enactment of laws for better care of these forests are given. — 

 J. A. Larsen. 



2036. Ljuxgdahl, Gustaf S. Om kompassens missvisning. [Concerning misdirection 

 of the compass.] Skogsvardsforen. Tidskr. 17: 191-198. 5 fig. 1919. 



2037. Lundberg, Gustaf. Omprissattningsenheter vid arbeten och handel med stubbved. 

 [Price standards in work and trade in stump wood.] Skogsvardsforen. Tidskr. 17:77-94. 

 9 fig. 1919. 



2038. Macdonald, A. F. Mexico as a source of timber. Amer. Forestry 25: 1361-1362. 

 1 map. 1919. — Mexico may conveniently be divided into three districts; first, the great 

 tropical forest belt, covering almost the entire peninsula of Yucatan, as well as the small 

 states of the southeast which border on the Gulf of Campeche; second, the temperate zone 

 forest belt, located in the northwestern section of the Republic, and extending northward 

 almost to the American border; and between these two districts is the treeless belt, some of 

 which is cultivated, but much of which is arid. The tropical forest belt yields logwood and 

 other dye woods, mahogany, ebony and other precious woods and Spanish cedar. Pine is the 

 commercially important timber of the temperate zone forest belt, the principal varieties of 

 which, in the order of importance, are yellow short leaf, yellow long leaf and Weymouth; 

 spruce and fir occur in quantity, together with some oaks, cedars and other hardwoods. — 

 Chas. H. Otis. 



2039. McIntosh, R. Progress of forest administration in the Punjab, 1917-18. 64 p. 

 Lahore, British India, 1918. — The total area under the management of the Forest Depart- 

 ment increased from 7211 square miles to 7074 square miles mainly due to areas released for 

 colonization in the Chenab and Multan Divisions. The Jallo factory produced 16,426 

 maunds (maund = 80 pounds) of rosin and 46,709 maunds of turpentine. The future prospects 

 of the industry in the Punjab are exceedingly bright. During the past year only 14,521 acres 

 of forest were tapped, but it is estimated that with the early removal of the chief obstacles 

 to progress (i.e., scarcity of labor, lack of staff, and difficulties connected with transport 

 from forest to railroad shipping point) tapping operations could be extended at once to about 

 five times this area in the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province, and that the yield 

 of rosin and turpentine could be increased in similar proportion. This estimate excludes 

 tappable areas in Jammu, Kashmir, Chamba and other native states. The Imperial Forest 

 Botanist investigated the spread of Forties lucidus in the irrigated plantations and made 

 suggestions for combating it. The ravages of Trametes pini in the hill forests continue and 

 no remedy is apparent. Self-sown khair (Acacia catechu) is reported to be spreading in 

 Kangara; and the regeneration of Prosopis glandulosa in the Pabbi continues to be good. In 

 the bamboo forests there is little reproduction by seed, but the production of shoots is gener- 

 ally sufficient. In Kangara the coppice of bam oak {Quercus incana) is reported to be excel- 

 lent. Experiments show that coppice felling of this oak can be made at any season of the year 

 without causing any discernible difference in the vigor of the shoots, and they further show 

 that since practically all the shoots come from dormant buds and not from the cambium 

 layer, dressing or trimming the stumps is unnecessary. In Lahore the experiments for 

 determining the fertility of shisham seed obtained from coppice shoots, and the efficacy of 

 early thinnings in irrigated plantations are being continued. Of the various exotics tried 

 at Dharamsala — Spanish chestnut, Cryptomeria, Robinia, Acacia dealbata and camphor — 

 none are successful. Robinia continues to do very well in Simla. It is particularly useful 

 for clothing unstable slopes where excessive weight of trees is undesirable. The various 

 species which were tried in Changa Manga as substitutes for shisham standards were all 

 frozen down and failed completely. — E. R. Hodson. 



