June, 1920] HORTICULTURE 347 



years with the result of larger crops with less water used but smaller sized fruit. This sys- 

 tem largely restricted the roots to the moist mulched area. At the end of 5 years when the 

 cost of mulching material became prohibitive a return was made to the flat system, after which 

 the condition of the grove was much improved over what it had ever been, showing the value 

 of the humus resulting from the mulch. No commercial fertilizer or manure was added during 

 all the experiment. The author concludes that the experiment has improved his soil con- 

 ditions very much. At the same time he has produced larger crops and more cheaply than has 

 been the case on adjoining groves of similar soil type.— J. E. Coit. 



2341. Lewis, C. I. Correlation of orchard practices. Better Fruit 13 9 : Tab. 1-8. March, 

 1919. — The interrelation of pruning, tillage, fertilizing and intercropping on the vigor and 

 productivity of fruit trees is given attention in this discussion. The effects of application 

 of nitrate of soda on the increase in yields of apple trees is considered in detail. A summary of 

 experimental results of fertilizer tests conducted by the Hood River and Southern Oregon 

 Experiment Stations is given in tabular form. The following conclusions are drawn by the 

 author: 1. An application of five pounds of nitrate of soda per tree will restore devitalized 

 trees. — 2. For best results, nitrate should be applied about a month before blossoming time. 

 — 3. The benefits of nitrate application extend over two seasons and are shown in: (a) Dark 

 green foliage, (b) Better wood growth, (c) Improved set, (d) Increased yield, (e) Larger 

 specimens of fruit. — A. E. Murneek. 



2342. Lewis. C. I. Deterioration of fruit at picking time. Proc. Oregon Hortic. Soc. 

 1918: 45-49. 1919.— This paper was printed in Better Fruit 13 7 : 5-7. 1919., under the title 

 "Premature deterioration of fruit." 



2343. Loree, R. E. The culture or currants and gooseberries. Michigan Agric. Exp. Sta. 

 Circ. 38. 18 p., 9 fig. 1919. — A popular account of currant and gooseberry culture.— E. A 

 Besseij. 



2344. Mackie, D. B. Navel satsumas found in California. California Citrograph 4: 60. 

 1 fig. 1919. — Previous publication of the observations of Prof. Kukuchi of the Kanagawa 

 Experiment Station, Yokahama, Japan on the appearance by mutation of a navel form of the 

 satsuma (onshiu) orange has brought the information from A. C. Masteller of Oroville, Cali- 

 fornia that certain of his satsuma orange trees possessed branches which bore this navel 

 form. A photograph is included of specimens submitted. [See Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 2164.] — 

 J. E. Coit. 



2345. Matthews, C. D Report of the division of horticulture. North Carolina Agric. 

 Exp. Sta. Ann. Rept. 41 : 50-55. [1919.]— This is a brief report on pecan investigations, inves- 

 tigations with peaches, investigational work with thermal zones, variety work in pomology, 

 native fruits of North Carolina, investigations with strawberries, the cooperative rotundifolia 

 vineyard, investigational work with sweet potatoes, investigations with Irish potatoes, and 

 testing South American varieties of potatoes. — R. A. Jehle. 



2346. McBeth, I. G., and J. R. Allison. Recent investigations in orchard heating. 

 California Citrograph 4: 51, 65, 67. 5 fig. 1919.— Observations made on small lemons after 

 cold nights indicated that the damage to fruits subjected to a given temperature for a given 

 length of time was by no means constant Experimental results indicated that humidity was 

 an important factor. Series of experiments were performed on lemons in situ by using a speci- 

 ally devised freezing chamber containing coils of copper tubing into which was admitted 

 liquid C0 2 . The humidity was regulated by passing the air used for ventilating through sul- 

 furic acid or water as desired. The chamber contained thermometers and hygrometer which 

 were read through a double glass window. Graphs are presented giving results in saturated 

 air and in 40 per cent humidity. The time required for damage to young lemons after a 

 temperature of 29°F. is reached is one hour, as against 30 minutes in a saturated atmosphere. 

 The damage to the surface of the rind of the lemon is also greater in the wet condition than 

 in the dry, showing the greater severity of freezing. Two photographs show details of the 

 apparatus and cart for transporting it. — J . E. Coit. 



