June, 1920] MORPHOLOGY, ETC., VASC. PLANTS 'A?>\\ 



lentum, Capsicum annuum, Schizanthua pinnatua, Solatium nigrum, S. Dulcamara, S. tube- 

 rosum, S. melongena, Petunia violacca, Niroiiana alula var. grandiflora, and Phyaalv alka- 

 kengii. Though there is some variation in details, the general mechanism is as follows: The 



epidermis of the suture is underlain by a special disjunctive tissue fr 1 to 7 Layers thick. 



The first changes in these cells are accompanied l>y an accumulation of oxalic acid and calcium 

 oxalate. The acid then attacks the protoplasm and destroys it. It converts the walls into 

 hemicellulose and finally dissolves them entirely. These changes occur before the flower 

 opens. Actual anthcsis is brought about in one of three ways: (a) solution of the middle 

 lamellae of the SUtural epidermis, (b) solution of the entire wall, or (<•> mechanical rupture 

 of the epidermis through the hygroscopic action of a fibrous layer of cells in the anther wall 

 — Leonas L. Burlingame. 



2441. Phillips, Edwin Percy. A note on the pollination of Cyanella capensis Linn. 

 South African Jour. Sci. 15: 500-502. 1919. — In Cyanella capensis the bud is at first vertical, 

 then becomes horizontal and finally pendulous. In the latter stage it expands. The flower 

 is protandrous, and the six stamens are arranged in three groups of 3, 2, and 1. The tip of 

 the style curves upwards and the stigmas lie near the apices of the lateral stamens in such 

 a position as to favor self pollination. As the flower closes the posterior stamens exude a 

 fluid laden with pollen grains, which ensures pollination if other methods fail. The flower 

 is also evidently adapted for cross-pollination by insects, but this has not been verified. — 

 E. P. Phillips. 



2442. Record, Samuel J. Storied or tier-like structure of certain dicotyledonous woods. 

 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46:253-273. 1919. — Tier-like arrangement of the secondary elements 

 is characteristic of many dicotyledonous woods and is seen in longitudinal section, particularly 

 the tangential, as bands or striations called "ripple marks." In such woods the cambium 

 cells are in tangential as w r ell as in radial seriation but it is often only in the thicker stems that 

 this storied structure is evident and it may or may not extend to all the secondary elements: 

 rays, vessel-segments, tracheids, wood fibers, and wood parenchyma strands. The storied 

 structure is found in the secondary phloem also. "Ripple marks" have been reported for 

 many woods of many families, particularly tropical ones, and are often constant enough for 

 use as diagnostic characters. A table is given for many woods indicating wdiat elements 

 are storied, how regular the lines are, how 7 visible, and giving tier height and measurements. 

 — P. A. Mum. 



2443. Romell, Lars-Gtjnnar. Anatomiska Egendomligheter Vid en Naturympning av 

 Gran Pa Tall. [Anatomical characteristics in a natural graft of spruce upon pine.] Meddel. 

 Statens Skogsforsokanst. 16: 61-66. 2 fig. 1919. — A live spruce branch (Picea excelsa) was 

 found growing on a 56-year old pine (Pinus sylvestris) in the province of Ostergotland, south- 

 ern Sweden. Investigations showed that the branch had lived without communication with 

 the mother spruce tree for at least 14 years. Microscopic examinations show the union to 

 be incomplete in places, but in other places it is so perfect that the exact boundary line be- 

 tween spruce and pine cells is not distinguishable. Morphologically the cells of the two 

 species retain their original characteristics, but physiologically they function harmoniously 

 as parts of a single organism. — G. A. Pearson. 



2444. Russell, Alice M. A comparative study of Floerkea proserpinacoides and allies. 

 Contrib. Univ. Pennsylvania Bot. Lab. 4: 401-418. PI. 91-92. 1919.— Two plants were stud- 

 ied microscopically and macroscopically, as representing each of the two genera of the family 

 Limnanthaceae, viz. Floerkea proserpinacoides and Limnanthes Douglasii. The root, stem, 

 leaf, flower and fruit in their anatomical features show a striking similarity in both, Floerkea 

 indicating by its reduced members that it is a form derived from Limnanthes. Limnanthes 

 is a western plant, Floerkea is found in the east and west. Various species of Limnanthes 

 represent transition types which range from large pentamerous types through smaller tet- 

 ramerous species to those with trimerous flowers characteristic of the genus Flocrl:ca. Since 

 the genus Floerkea overlaps the distribution areas of pentamerous and tetramerous forms, 



