370 PALEOBOTANY [Bot. Abbts. 



with that of Belgium, Holland and northeastern France beneath the thick series of Mesozoic 

 and Cenozoic rocks bordering the Channel is further substantiated by these deep borings 

 in Southeastern England where the Coal Measures were reached at 1598, 1358, 1487 and 939 

 feet in the respective bores enumerated in the title of the report. In all cases it was pos- 

 sible to identify a considerable variety of well known Carboniferous plant species from 

 these bores. These are enumerated and briefly discussed. — E. W. Berry. 



2514. Nathorst, A. G. Die erste Entdeckung der fossilen Dryasflora in der Schweiz. 

 [First discovery of Swiss fossil Dryas flora.] Geol. Foren. Forhandl. 41 6 : 454-456. 1919. 



2515. Nathorst, A. G. Zwei kleine palaobotanische Notizen. [Two short notes on paleo- 

 botany.] Geol. Foren, Forhandl. 41 6 : 457-459. 1919. — Refers Dictyodendron Kidstonii from 

 the Paleozoic of Spitzbergen to the genus Arctodendron because the former genus is pre- 

 occupied, and suggests that Ginkgo adiantoides from the Tertiary of Spitzbergen may repre- 

 sent the existing G. biloba. — E. W. Berry. 



2516. [Nordstedt, C. T. O.] [Swedish rev. of: Hasselman, H. Iaktagelser ofver skog- 

 stradens spridningsformaga. (Observations on the power of distribution of forest trees.) 

 Medd. Statens Skogsforsoksanst. 16:27-66. 1919.] Bot. Notiser 1919: 167-168. 1919— See 

 Bot. Absts. 4, Entry 232. 



2517. Seward, A. C. Fossil plants. Vol. 4. Cambridge, 1919. — This, the concluding 

 volume of the Cambridge text on fossil plants, is devoted to the Ginkgoales, Coniferales and 

 Gnetales. In each case the recent representatives are described before the fossil forms 

 are considered, the discussion of the recent Coniferales being especially full. New generic 

 names proposed are Ginkgoites, Mesembrioxylon and Cupressinocladus. The recent conifers 

 are segregated into the following nine families: Araucarineae, Cupressineae, Callitrineae, 

 Sequoiineae, Sciadopitineae, Abietineae, Podocarpineae, Phyllocladineae, and Taxineae. 

 The author regards the Coniferales as monophyletic and considers the Araucarineae as the 

 most ancient family. He believes that the cone scales of this family are morphologically 

 simple o villiferous leaves, the double cone scales of the Abietineae being derivatives of a 

 simple form of sporophyll, and that the latter family is the most modern. — E. W. Berry. 



2518. Sumner, F. B. Adaptation and the problem of organic purposefulness, II. Amer. 

 Nat. 53:338-369. 1919. — In case of regulative phenomena like regeneration which cannot 

 be explained by a mechanism specially adapted or preformed for their performance, author 

 holds that responses are results of experimentation or of method of trial and error; absence 

 of a part is thought to serve as stimulus to varied metabolic activities and that such as act to 

 restore normal condition tend to be continued. Author does not believe with Driesch that 

 reparative processes move directly toward end. Perfect regeneration exceptional and for- 

 mation of useless structures does not argue for a "primary teleology" in nature. Author 

 sees some similarity in regeneration of crystal and of mutilated organisms but restoration 

 in latter is not so direct due to greater complexity of its substance. In course of evolution 

 adjustments between organism and environment (racial adaptations) arose through chance 

 variation, i.e., variation that was causally unrelated to any need to be fulfilled. [See Bot. 

 Absts 3, Entry 2202.]— J. P. Kelly. 



2519. Twenhofel, W. II . Pre-Cambrian and Carboniferous Algal Deposits. Amer. 

 Jour. Sci. 48:339-352. 5 fig. 1919. — Discusses algae as agents of rock formation, empha- 

 sizing their importance and suggesting the term coenoplase for the laminated precipitate of 

 calcium carbonate resulting from algal metabolism. A new species, Collenia kona, is de- 

 scribed from the Pre-Cambrian Kona dolomite of the Marquette region of northern Michi- 

 gan. The new genus Ottonosia is described from the Permian of southeastern Kansas, and 

 the new genus Osagia from the Upper Carboniferous of the same region. — E. W. Berry. 



2520. Willert, H. Uber Sphenophyllaceen im Saarbrucker Karbon. [Sphenophyllaceae 

 in Saarbriick Carboniferous.] Gliickauf 53 : 384-387. PI. 2. 1917. — Discusses the presence 



of Sphenopln/llutn emargiyiatum, mnjus, cunei folium , oblongifolium. angustifolium and myrio- 

 phyllum in the coal measures of the Saar field. — E. W. Berry. 



