June, 1920] PATHOLOGY 379 



2598. Childs, Leroy. A spray program for the northwest apple orchards. Hitter Fruit 

 13 10 : 13-14. Apr., 1919.- A reprint of a spray program <>r calendar first published in Better 

 Fruit, April, 1918. It gives complete information for spraying apples in the Pacific North- 

 west. — A. E. Murneek. 



2599. Childs, Leroy. Comparative results in controlling codling moth. Better Fruit 

 13': 5, 41-46. March, 1919.— This paper deals with comparative results of the effectiveness 

 and economy of dusting and spraying and the use of the spray gun versus the spray rod in 

 combating scab and codling moth on apples in Hood River valley, Oregon. Experimental 

 evidence is offered for the seasons of 1916, 1917, and 1918. Spraying is preferred to dusting. 

 The spray gun has been found to be superior to the spray rod. [Sec also Bol . Absts. 3, Entry 

 2321.]— A. E. Murneek. 



2600. Clute, Willard N. The potato wart disease. Amer. Bot. 25: 95. 1 fig. 1919. 



2601. Cockayne, A. H. Dry rot of turnips. Suggestions regarding control. Jour. 

 Agric. [New Zealand] 17: 70-73. 1918. — Dry rot, caused by Phoma napo-brassicae, occurs on 

 turnips and mangolds that have been mechanically injured but Swedes may be affected up 

 to 100 per cent whether injured or not. — Author summarizes investigational work done as 

 follows: (1) Infection appears earlier on early sowings than on late ones; (2) Crops with 20 

 per cent of bulbs affected on, say, the third week of July may have 100 per cent affected a 

 couple of months later, in September; (3) Little loss is experienced with crops fed off before 

 the middle of July; (4) All varieties of Swedes so far experimented with appear equally af- 

 fected ; (5) Swedes following affected Swede crops are affected at a younger stage than when 

 grown on clean land; (6) Lime appears to delay infection; (7) Stored Swedes covered appear 

 to keep much better than when in the field. Earthing up bulbs stops infection. — Recom- 

 mendation is to substitute some other crops for Swedes until some method of control is de- 

 veloped. — D. Reddick. 



2602. Coleman, Leslie C. Spike disease of sandal. Dept. Agric. Mysore State, Mycol. 

 Ser., Bull. 3. 52 p., 19 pi., 2 fig. 1917. [Appeared 1918.] — The very serious spike disease of 

 sandal is rather fully discussed. Large portions of the sandal wood area of India have al- 

 ready become seriously affected. It is considered improbable that unfavorable soil or climatic 

 conditions, overcrowding, association with unsuitable host plants can in themselves engender 

 the disease. It is held more probable that a definite causative agent or organism is involved, 

 and that its subsequent virulence and spread is modified by these external conditions. An 

 accumulation of starch in the leaves, and the death of the haustoria and root tips are strik- 

 ing symptoms. No evidence has been added to show that the attacks of fungi or insects pro- 

 duce the disease. It has been established for the first time that the disease is readily communi- 

 cable by grafting, and it is considered that it is a virus disease, i.e., comparable to such dis- 

 eases as peach yellows, the mosaic disease of tobacco, etc. It is noted that other species 

 of plants in the sandal wood area are affected with diseases similar to the spike disease of 

 sandal, but relationships have not as yet been definitely established. The carrying of seed 

 from diseased trees by birds, the dissemination of the virus by insects, and infection from 

 other plants affected with a similar disease, are considered possible means of spread of the 

 spike disease of sandal. — H. A. Allard. 



2603. Collard, J.' \Y. Control of brown rot. Peach orchard experiments at Henderson. 

 Jour. Agric. [New Zealand] 16: 275-283. 2 fig. 1918. — Report, with tabulations of three 

 extensive experiments made to determine the value in brown rot (Monilia fructigena) control 

 of orchard sanitation (including soil dressing), dormant and summer spraying and combin- 

 ations of them. The experience of the first season indicates that practically no repression 

 of the disease was secured. The spraying program included dormant treatments with bor- 

 deaux mixture (8:6: 40) and copper sulfate (1 : 15) and summer treatments with bordeaux 

 (2:3: 50), lime-sulfur solution (1 : 30) and atomic sulfur (8 : 100). — Late varieties were more 

 severely affected than early ones although previously they had been thought more resistant. 



