418 PHYSIOLOGY [Bot. Absts. 



It is suggested that the specificity of the carbohydrate reactions induced by bacteria may be 

 used as delicate tests of important theories relating to carbohydrates, as, for example, the 

 formation of enols and of tautomerism. No relationship seems to exist between cultural 

 grouping based on the fermentation of carbohydrates and pathogenesis. — Selman A. Waksman. 



2852. Mach, F., and P. Lederle. Die Verwendung von Titantrichlorid in der analytis- 

 chen Praxis. [Use of titanium trichloride in analytical practice.] Landw. Versuchsst. 90: 

 191-224. 1917. — The author recommends some changes and simplifications in the Rhead- 

 Moser method of titrating copper. The method is extended to estimate the cuprous oxide 

 set free in sugar determinations, hydrogen peroxide, and the iron in iron sulphate. The 

 necessary solutions and conditions for titration as well as the apparatus required are given 

 in the review mentioned below. [Based on Volhard's review in Biedermann's Zentralbl. Agri- 

 kulturchem. 47:295-297. 1918.]— -F. M. Schertz. 



2853. McClendon, J. P., and P. F. Sharp. The hydrogen ion concentration of foods. 

 Jour. Biol. Chem. 38:531-534. 1919. — Vitamines deteriorate more rapidly in alkaline than 

 in acid media. All foods examined, both of plant and animal origin were on the acid side of 

 neutrality. — George B. Rigg. 



2854. McCollum, E. V., N. Simmons, and H. T. Parsons. Biological analysis of pella- 

 gra-producing diets. VI. Observations on the faults of certain diets comparable to those em- 

 ployed by man in pellagrous districts. Jour. Biol. Chem. 38: 113-146. 1919. — The legume 

 seeds, notwithstanding their high protein content, do not appreciably improve diets that 

 predispose to pellagra, because of the poor quality of their protein and their failure to sup- 

 plement a diet derived from vegetable foods of the storage tissue class in other respects (e.g., 

 fat-soluble A). The prevalence of pellagra in certain parts of the South is in large part cor- 

 rected with the growing of cash crop (cotton) and purchasing from the retail store foods 

 among which are many made from degerminated and decorticated parts of grains. Food 

 products that can be handled commercially without hazard are not in general satisfactory 

 food stuffs unless properly supplemented with certain others which correct their deficiencies. 

 — George B. Riggs. 



2855. Okey, Rxjth. Studies on the behavior of inulin in the animal body. Preliminary 

 paper. Application of the Benedict method to the estimation of levulose and inulin. Jour. 

 Biol. Chem. 38:33-42. 1919. — Benedict's modification of the Lewis-Benedict method has 

 been used successfully for the determination of levulose, and of levulose in the presence of 

 inulin. — George B. Rigg. 



2856. Osborne, T. B., and L. B. Mendel. Nutritive factors in plant tissues. II. The 

 distribution of water-soluble vitamine. Jour. Biol. Chem. 39:29-34. 1919. — The indis- 

 pensable food factor known as water-soluble vitamine is widely distributed in naturally 

 occurring food products. Its presence in the seeds of cereals and of a number of legumes is 

 well known. Among products recently shown to contain it are cottonseed, millet seed, flax- 

 seed, kaffir corn, hempseed, cabbage, alfalfa, clover, timothy, and spinach. — George B. 

 Rigg. 



2857. Thomas, E. E. Frozen lemons and oranges for by-products. California Citro- 

 graph 4: 78, 81, 104. 1 fig. 1919.— See Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 2374. 



2858. Tschirch, A. Die Lokalisation der chemischen Arbeit in der Pflanze. [The 

 localization of chemical work in the plant.] Mitteil. Naturforsch. Ges. Bern 1917: 138. 1917.] 

 — Not only the protoplasm but also the cell wall can do chemical work. This is deduced 

 from the fact that some secretions, such as wax and ethereal oils, are not found within the 

 cell. The cell sap also does chemical work, as the layer of protoplasm in the epidermis is so 

 small in amount that only enzyme production can be assigned to it. The alkaloids occur 

 chiefly in the epidermis, the bundle sheath, and the medullary rays. They are lacking, as a 



