No. 1, July, 1920] ECOLOGY, PLANT GEOGR A I'll V 29 



203. Sauvageau, Camii.lk. Recherches sur les laminaires des cdtes de France. [Kelps 

 of the coast of France.] Mem. Acad. Sci. France 56: 210. 85 fig. 1918- In tin-' paper the 

 details of the life histories and of the morphology of Sarmrlu'za bulbn a, I juninaria Jlexicaulis , 

 L. Lejolisii, L. Cloustonii, L. saccharina and Alaria esculenta occupy most of the space and 

 are elucidated by many drawings. There are also notes on the distribution and on the sea- 

 sonal development that are interesting to the ecologist. — Geo. D. Fuller. 



204. Smith, W. G. Presidential address before the British Ecological Society. Jour. Ecol. 

 7: 110-116. May, 1919. — The author points out the importance of ecology in solving many 

 of the fundamental problems upon which the economic development of the country depends. 

 Attention was also directed to the increasing tendency in ecological studies to lay stress upon 

 biological factors. Many such factors tend to reduce growth forms from phanerophytes to 

 chamaephytes and ultimately to hemicryptophytes. Prominent among such factors stand 

 fire and grazing, which were shown to be influential in causing the encroachment of grass- 

 lands upon forests in such regions as the prairies of North America and the veld of South 

 Africa. In these grasslands certain species appear again and again, probably because: (1) 

 They possess in a high degree the power of shoot production at or near the surface of the 

 soil, resulting in quick renewal after burning or grazing. (2) They are of perennial habit. 

 (3) They have great power of surviving critical periods of winter and drought, as well as having 

 considerable adaptability to habitat. — Geo. D. Fuller. 



205. Toumey, J. W. [Rev. of: Sampson, A. W. Climate and plant growth in certain vege- 

 tative associations. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 700. 1918. (See Bot. Absts. 1, Entry 1155; 2, 

 Entry 226.)] Jour. Forestry 17: 59-62. 1919. — Valuable data have here added to our knowl- 

 edge of site factors and vegetation through the experiments conducted in the various vege- 

 tative types in central Utah, though the correlation fails to bring us to an acceptable method 

 of relating forest vegetation to the complex of physical factors which constitute the environ- 

 ment. — E. N. Munns. 



206. Truog, E. Soil acidity: 1. Its relation to the growth of plants. Soil Science 5: 

 169-195. 1918.— See Bot. Absts. 1, Entry 1393. 



207. Weaver, J. E. The quadrat method of teaching ecology. Plant World 21: 267-283. 

 7 fig. 1918— See Bot. Absts. 4, Entry 165. 



208. Williams, Katherine A. A botanical study of skunk cabbage. Symplocarpus foet- 

 idus. Torreya 19 : 21-29. 2 -pi., IS fig. Feb., 1919. — A general study, largely morphological, 

 but with notes on phenology, distribution, and pollination. — [See Bot. Absts. 2, Entry 981.} 



STRUCTURES, BEHAVIOR, SYMBIOSIS 



209. Anonymous. Dwarf shore floras. Amer. Bot. 25: 31. 1919. — Land plants that hap- 

 pen? to sprout on the shores of rivers and ponds often show dwarfing effects due in part to the 

 withdrawal of water and in part to their becoming established late in the season. — IF. A r . Clute. 



210. Arnell, H. Wilh. Varfloran vid Hernosand. [The springflora around Hernosand, 

 northern Sweden.] (Swedish.) Bot. Notiser 1918: 169-209. Tab. 1-3. 1918.— The time of 

 anthesis of 190 spring flowers, and in many cases also the time of opening of the leaf-buds, 

 are given, together w T ith other notes. The records were kept during the years 1S75-1SS1. 

 A comparison is also made between the dates of the appearance of spring at Jomkoping, 

 Upsala, Gefle, and Hernosand, the difference in latitude counted from the first named city 

 being respectively 2, 3, and 5 degrees and the difference in the dates of beginning of spring 

 being 8, 13, and 34 days respectively. — P. A. Rydberg. 



211. Bradshaw, R. V. Variations in Calypso. Amer. Bot. 25: 152. 1919. — Calypso 

 bulbosa reported to vary in fragrance with the locality. — II'. N. Chile. 



