No. 1, Jult, 1920] ECOLOGY, PLANT GEOGRAPHY 31 



and Central America have many, bul they are abundanl in Jamaica. 1 bere are four 

 and about 200 species in the family Cyatheaceae, qo1 all of which arc tree ferns. Cyathea 

 reaches its greatest developmenl in Jamaica, where C. fwfuracea and C, pal ch a 



beight of more than lOfeet. En Australia, Dicksonia may be 60 feel and Alsophila, the tallest 

 of them all, may be 80 feel in heighl . Tree ferns rarely branch. Leaves of Al ophila pruinata 

 measure from Hi to IS feel in length. — L. Pa 



219. Pries, Thorb C. E. Experiment over Bjorkens Lovsprickning i Skogsgranser och 1 

 Dalbottnar. [Experiments on the foliation of birches in forest areas and in valley bottoms.] 

 Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. [Stockholm] 13:43-47. 1919. — A phcnological study of the relative 

 conditions necessary for development of the leaf-buds of different species of birdies in moun- 

 tain localities as compared with valleys. The same species begin to develop at lower temper- 

 atures in 1 he valleys than on the mountains and the au! bor concludes that the trees to a large 

 extent adjust, themselves to the conditions under which they grow. — W. 11'. Gilbert. 



'220. Fuogoatt, W. W. Ants and flowers. Australian Nat. 4: 88. 1919. — Note only. 

 Native bees visit flowers of Capparis mitchelli at night because mound ants prevent access 

 by day.— T. C. Frye. 



221. FrSdin, John. Nagra ord med anledning af Aug. Heintzes uttalanden om Potentilla 

 multifidas spridningsbiologi [A few words on Aug. Heintze's remarks concerning the distribu- 

 tion biology of Potentilla multifida.] [In Swedish.] Bot. Notiser 1919: 137-138. 1919 — 

 The author takes exception to Heintze's suggestion that this species may have been carried 

 from Scandinavia to the alps by means of the reindeer-raven, in a manner similar to Draba 

 nemorosa and Potentilla argentea. In order to support such a theory it would be necessary 

 to prove: (1) that the seeds of this species would not lose their power of germination in pass- 

 ing through the intestines of such animals; (2) that there is any evidence of migration by 

 these animals between the northern mountains and the southern. — P. .4. Rydberg. 



222. Fuller, George D. Ecological anatomy of leaves. [Rev. of: Hanson, Herbert C. 

 Leaf structure as related to environment. Amer. Jour. Bot. 4: 533-560. 21 fig. 1917. (See 

 also Bot. Absts. 4, Entry 233.)] Bot. Gaz. 65: 487-188. 1918.— See Bot. Absts. 1, Entry 1326. 



223. Garside, S. Pollen presentation in Cryptostemma calendulaceum. R. Br. Ann. 

 Bolus Herb. 2 : 149-152. 1 pi, June, 1918. — The elongation of the style of this composite is 

 very rapid, the process being completed in five minutes under favorable conditions. The 

 extended style is sensitive to contact stimulus, and when the inflorescence is visited by a bee, 

 all the styles that receive blows bend toward the insect, whereupon the pollen is effectively 

 removed. — H. C. Cowles. 



224. Hamilton, A. G. The effect of sunlight on plants. Australian Nat. 4: S9-90. 1919. 

 Some of the effects given in the form of a summary. — T. C. Frye. 



225. Hamilton, A. G. Pollination of some Australian plants. Australian Nat. 4: 75-81. 

 1919. — Adaptations to cross pollination in the flowers of some Australian plants. — T. C. Frye. 



226. Harvey, R. B. Importance of epidermal coverings. Bot. Gaz. 67: 441-444. 2 fig. 

 May, 1919. — Undercooling of the tissues occurs to a greater degree in such herbaceous plants 

 as possess protective epidermal coverings than in plants not so protected. The undercooling 

 in such plants is not due to substances in the cell sap, but mainly to the prevention of inocu- 

 lation from ice formed on the surface of the tissue. A method is given for determining elec- 

 trically the temperatures within leaf tissues. — R. B. Harvey. 



227. Hayden, Ada. The ecologic foliar anatomy of some plants of a prairie province in 

 central Iowa. Amer. Jour. Bot. 6: 69-S5. 6 pi. Feb., 1919. — Studies were made on the leaf 

 anatomy of 28 species of prairie plants, 12 species being chosen from slopes and hill crests 

 and 16 from alluvial basins. Prairie plants as a whole show a xerophytic tendency in leaf 



