44 ECOLOGY, PLANT GEOGRAPHY [Bot. Absts., Vol. IV, 



The Laminaria forests are described, and a list of the diatom species collected is included. 

 Examinations of the stomach content of the fish found in the fjord reveal that "the cod and 

 coalfish both live on plankton organisms and bottom forms, as well as on animals living in 

 the weed beds, with this difference, however, that the coalfish feeds to a greater extent than 

 the cod on plankton, while gammarines appear to form the staple nourishment of the young 

 cod. — P. D. Strausbaugh. 



297. Pavillard, J. Remarques sur la nomenclature phytogeographique. [Remarks on 

 phytogeographic nomenclature.] 27 p. Roumegous et Dohan: Montpellier, July, 1919. — This 

 article consists principally of a discussion of the application of the terms habitat (station) life- 

 forms and association and of the proper content of the concepts associated with these terms. 

 This discussion includes a criticism of the recent articles by Gams, Du Rietz and Braun-Blan- 

 quet on ecological terminology. To avoid confusion Pavillard suggests that "locality" should 

 be used when a purely geographical meaning is intended and that "habitat" have an entirely 

 ecological significance. He also insists upon the characterization of the association by its flor- 

 istic composition but recognizes that there should be more than the mere enumeration of the 

 species present. To provide this further analysis he approves of giving to each species a num- 

 ber indicative of its constancy in the association under consideration. This numerical evalua- 

 tion has been termed a "coefficient of affiliation" (Gesellschaftstreue) by Braun-Blanquet. 

 To this Pavillard adds another coefficient of similar numerical rank, that is ranging from 5 to 0, 

 termed a "genetic coefficient" and based upon the importance of the species in the develop- 

 ment and maintenance of the association. The combined value of these coefficients will tend 

 to express with some accuracy the true value of each species of a community. Rev. by Fuller 

 in Bot. Gaz. 69: 184. 1920.— Geo. D. Fuller. 



298. Phillips, Edwin Percy. Some notes on a collecting trip to French Hoek. South 

 African Jour. Sci. 15: 450-478. 1919. — French Hoek lies at an altitude of 836 feet and is sur- 

 rounded by a chain of mountains roughly in the form of a horse shoe. Above 1500 feet is 

 Table Mountain Sandstone which rests on the Malmesbury beds and the valley is covered 

 with Recent deposits. The character of the vegetation changes as the mountains are as- 

 cended. The slopes are covered with bush and shrub, principally Cliffortia ruscifolia and 

 Passerina filiformis. On the Sandstone the bush disappears and the summits are clothed 

 with species of Restiaceae. The Table Sandstone carries a more varied flora than the Malmes- 

 bury beds, and each formation has some species restricted to it. The bulk of the species are 

 either woody shrubs, bushes or trees; herbaceous plants, acaulescent plants, prostrate plants 

 or scramblers and annuals are not so numerous. The bulk of the species have simple, gla- 

 brous leaves, and the xerophytic characters are mainly evidenced in the reduced leaf, involute 

 or revolute leaf and leaves with thick cuticles. Over 60 per cent of the species produce con- 

 spicuous flowers, or flowers grouped into conspicuous masses. The color of the flowers is 

 usually white or yellow. Dehiscent fruits predominate, then follow dry indehiscent fruits, 

 while fleshy fruits are rare. There follows a list of 335 species collected, accompanied by field 

 notes. — E. P. Phillips. 



299. Phillips, Edwin Percy. A note on the flora of the great Winterhoek Range [South 

 Africa]. South African Jour. Sci. 15:226-234. 1918.— The altitude of Winterhoek Peak is 

 6,818 feet, and the character of the vegetation together with the various species encountered 

 is noted for different levels throughout this range of altitude. Author believes "it is exposure 

 which determines the altitude at which the mountain flora begins, and this may be as low as 

 3000 feet or as high as 5000 to 6000 feet." Following the classification of Raunkiaer, "nearly 

 60 per cent of the species are prostrate plants with winter buds below the surface of the soil, 

 or a few inches above the ground-level (hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes), while the 

 bushes (nanonhanerophytes) constitute only 15.10 per cent of the flora. If the geophytes 

 and therophytes, as a general class, are included with the hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes 

 as representing a type adapted for tiding over adverse climatic conditions, we then find that 

 79.16 per cent of the flora of the Winterhoek and environs is of this extremely xerophytic type." 

 Attention is also given to the various leaf characters represented, size and color of flowers and 

 types of fruit. — P. D. Strausbaugh. 



