G2 FORESTRY IBot. Absts., Vol. IV, 



415. De Boer, S. R. Landscape architecture in our national forests and parks. Amer. 

 Forestry 25: 1459-1464. 8 fig. 1919. Concerns recreation and recreation facilities. — Chas. 

 H. Otis. 



416. Eberts. Die Jagd in den Staatsforsten der grosseren deutschen Bundesstaaten. 

 [The hunt in the state forests of the larger German states.] Forstwiss. Centralbl. 41: 41-49, 

 91-101, 132-148. 1919.— Methods of administering and utilizing the game resources of the 

 state forests of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Wiirttemburg, Baden, Hesse, Mechlenburg-Schwerin 

 and Brunswick are described in considerable detail. The system of leasing hunting privileges 

 to the highest bidder often yields a larger net income at first, but is likely to result either in 

 depletion of the game or overstocking harmful to the forest, is bad for the morale of the forest 

 personnel, often leads to friction, and injures the communal hunting business both by deplet- 

 ing the reservoirs of game on the larger state forests and by reducing their income from leases 

 through competition for lessees. The best method for all interests concerned is a system of 

 state administration of hunting, through the forest personnel, with the income turned over 

 to the treasury and costs paid by it. In a number of the states this system now prevails in 

 whole or part of the forest area. — W. N. Sparhawk. 



417. Eberts. Die Lohnbewegung im forstlichen Betriebe. [The wage agitation in the 

 forest industry.] Forstwiss. Centralbl. 41: 201-210. 1919— Following the Revolution, the 

 introduction of the eight-hour day has been accompanied by insistent demand for higher 

 wages in all branches of industry, which have finally gone far beyond the level justified in the 

 increased cost of living. The expectation that with the return of millions of soldiers wages 

 would come down has not been fulfilled, but rather the opposite. The unemployment allot- 

 ments have resulted in demoralization of the workers, who prefer to congregate in the cities 

 and do nothing (there were 170,000 unemployed men in Berlin in January, 1919) than to work 

 at agriculture or forestry in the rural districts where there is a great shortage of laborers. 

 The eight-hour day is not suited to either of these industries, because of the irregular nature 

 of the work. Particularly in forestry, is the piece-work system desirable, since it allows the 

 peasant to work in close proximity to his dwelling, at times which suit his convenience and do 

 not interfere with his work on his farm. The Government plans to take steps to educate the 

 workers to realize that unduly high wages will have most serious results on the working classes 

 themselves. In case of forest laborers this will be accomplished through the workmen's 

 councils which are to be chosen in each Oberforsterei by the year-long employees. High wages 

 in forest industries will result in high wood prices, which will react on many other industries. 

 The great housing shortage is not being met by new building because of high cost of labor 

 and material. A workman's 3 or 4 room house which could be built for 4500 marks and rented 

 for 300 marks per annum before the war, now costs at least 12,000 marks and rents for 900 

 marks. Because of higher cost of mine timbers, coal costs more, and the high price and short- 

 age of coal has brought fuelwood to two or three times its pre-war price. All of this affects 

 the working classes more than anyone else. — W. N. Sparhawk. 



418 Eklof, C. E. Tjadalens anlaggnig och skotsel. [The preparation and care of a tar 

 pit.] Skogen 6: 189-210. Fig. 1-12. 1919.— The process of extracting tar from pine stumps 

 is described in considerable detail. The yield is from 20 to 30 liters of tar per cubic meter of 

 wood. Charcoal is obtained as a by-product in amount equaling 5 or 10 per cent of the orig- 

 inal volume of the wood. — G. A. Pearson. 



419. Engler. Arnold. Tropismen und excentrisches Dickenwachstum der Baume. 

 Ein Beitrag zur Physiologie und Morphologie der Holzgewachse. [Tropisms and eccentric 

 thickening in trees. A contribution to the physiology and morphology of woody plants.] Preis- 

 schr. Stiftung Schnyder von Wartensee 21: 1-106. 14 pi., 1 •' fig. Beer and Co.: Zurich, 

 1918— See Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 691. 



