66 FORESTRY [Bot. Absts., Vol. IV, 



responding forest types are given. In discussing the management of Belgian forests author 

 points out that the greater part are private and communal. Accordingly, the forests are said 

 not to have been managed so as to yield the highest possible returns. — Hermann Krauch. 



439. Klebahn, H. Peridermium pini (Willd.) Kleb. und seiner Uebertragung von Kiefer 

 zu Kiefer. [P. pini and its passage from pine to pine.] Flora 111-112 : 194-207. PI. 4-5. 1918. 

 —See Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 774. 



440. Kordvahr. Gedanken iiber Zweck und Ziel der Forstwirtschaft. [Notes on the 

 purpose and goal of forestry.] Zeitschr. Forst- u. Jagdwitsch. 51: 1-6. 1919. 



441. Kordvahr. Der Wert von Waldbestanden. [Forest valuation.] Zeitschr. Forst- 

 u. Jagdwirtsch. 51: 140-144. 1919. — A discussion of the factors governing forest valuation. 

 Several formulas are cited. — Hermann Krauch. 



442. Krtjhoffer. Die Entwicklung der Forstwirtschaft und des Holzhandels in Elsass- 

 Lothringen. [Development of forestry and the wood industry in Alsace-Lorraine.] Forstwiss. 

 Centralbl. 41 : 57-65, 101-109. 1919.— The forests of Alsace-Lorraine cover 443,451 hectares, 

 of which 138,869 hectares belong to the State. The total annual cut of wood is about 2,000,000 

 cubic meters. Under the former French control the forests were managed mostly on the 

 selection system, transportation was not developed, and timber was sold on the stump, so that 

 there was a tendency toward monopoly of each unit and lower prices for stumpage than the 

 market justified. The Germans changed this by selling the logs, with the result that there 

 were more bidders and better prices, and numerous local wood-using industries sprang up near 

 the forests. Roads were developed. A high-forest system, with reproduction cuttings, was 

 substituted for the selection system except in the higher Vosges. Spruce and pine, and re- 

 cently larch and Douglas fir have been introduced in the predominant silver fir stands. 250,000 

 hectares, three-fourths of it in Alsace, are managed as high forest; 150,000 hectares as coppice- 

 with-standards, and small areas as coppice, tanbark forest, etc. Of the high forest, one-third 

 is silver fir, nearly one-third beech, one-sixth pine, and one-eighth oak. Fir predominates 

 in the Vosges, while pine is in the valleys and foothills; beech is most abundant in the foot- 

 hills, and oak often predominates in the lowlands. The forests of the Lothringian plateau 

 are almost exclusively hardwoods. The fir grows rapidly, yielding 5 cubic meters per hectare 

 per year, and can yield 7 cubic meters if thinned properly. The wood is used for local needs 

 and the surplus goes down the Rhine. Because of the knotty material produced under the 

 former selection management, it is inferior to the fir from the Black Forest, so unable to com- 

 pete with it. Beech, formerly chiefly valuable for firewood, has lately found a ready market 

 for railroad ties, while the thinnings bring good prices for fuel. Pine is used chiefly for mine 

 timbers. Oak, formerly managed as coppice-with-standards, is now almost all high forest, 

 and is left standing through two rotations of beech. When the underwood is cut out, the oak 

 standards are trimmed to a height of at least 6 meters, in order to produce clear lumber. 

 Under the German regime, one-fourth of the possible cut each year was reserved to be cut only 

 in emergencies, so that there is now a large surplus of mature timber, expecially in the fir 

 districts. There was a considerable export of sawed lumber to France until it was stopped 

 by high import duties in 1895, since when most of the French trade was in unmanufactured 

 wood, chiefly pulp. The demand for long timbers and large sizes, from Belgium, Holland, 

 and Luxemburg, made up for the loss of the French trade. — W. N. Sparhawk. 



443. Lane-Poole, C. E. Report of the Woods and Forests Department for the year ended 

 30th of June, 1919. Ann. Progress Rept. Forests Dept. Western Australia. 26 p. Perth, 

 1919. — The work of the Department for the period reported upon is briefly summarized under 

 the following captions: "Classification of Forests, Purchases, Forest Work, Forest Fires, 

 Forest Ranging and Timber Inspecting, Plantation and Nursery Work, Timber Industry, 

 Shipbuilding, Revenue and Expenditure, Botanical, Tan Barks, Commonwealth Forest Prod- 

 ucts Laboratory, Sandalwood, Legislation, and Publications." Through lack of adequate 

 staff and funds the Department continued purely as a revenue-collecting organization. With- 



