140 HORTICULTURE [Bot. Absts., Vol. IV, 



cussed. — In 1917 China exported 200 tons of dried edible mushrooms. They are grown in the 

 mountainous districts on hardwood logs felled for the purpose. Incisions are made in the 

 logs, liquid manure is poured over them, and when this is rotted the fungi spring forth. — 

 Narcissus bulbs are produced in abundance near Amoy, three millions being shipped annu- 

 ally, one third of which go abroad. — In the Southern Provinces of China many varieties of 

 oranges are grown, 6000 tons of this fruit being annually exported. It is stated that 80 dif- 

 ferent varieties of oranges are produced in China. — Jujubes and persimmons are grown in 

 abundance, 3000 tons being exported annually. — Gall nuts which are produced by insects on 

 certain native trees are used to dye silks black, in tanning, and as medicine. Exports of these 

 gallnuts amount to 1 million taels annually, 75 per cent going to the United States. — Ginger 

 (Zinziber officinale) is grown extensively in several Provinces. China exports 5000 tons of it 

 annually. — Camphor (Cinnamonum Camphora) is obtained from the camphor tree by destruc- 

 tive distillation. There has been no systematic replanting of these trees and as a result the 

 supplies from Fukien, the chief source of camphor, have been nearly exhausted. — Cassia 

 bark and oil are obtained from Cinnamomum cassia, a large tree found in southern China. 

 Methods of obtaining these products are discussed. — Castor beans are found generally through- 

 out China and she has furnished considerable quantities during the war for use as a lubricant 

 for motors. — J. H. Gourley. 



896. Balme, Juan. Notas sobre frutales en Mexico. [Notes on fruit trees in Mexico.] 

 Revista Agric. [Mexico] 4:22-1-226. 2 fig. 1919. — Named varieties of apples developed in 

 Mexico and general notes on Mexican fruit growing possibilities. — John A. Stevenson. 



S97. Balme, Juan. El higo de esmirna. [The Smyrna fig.] Revista Agric. [Mexico] 

 4:317-319. 2 fig. 1919. — Popular account of fig growing and its possibilities in Mexico. — 

 John A. Stevenson. 



898. Batchelor, L. D., and H. S. Reed. Winter injury or die-back of the walnut. — 

 California Agric. Exp. Sta. Circ. 216: 1-20. 1919. — Different types of the die-back are de- 

 scribed and illustrated. Data and observations are given, showing the relation of die-back 

 to at least four causes, early autumn frosts, winter drought, high water table and alkali 

 soil. Experiments showing how a more adequate irrigation corrected the trouble when due 

 to winter drought, are described. — H. S. Fawcett. 



899. Blake, S. F. The anay, a new edible-fruited relative of the avocado. Jour. Wash- 

 ington [D. C] Acad. Sci. 9: 457^62. Fig. 1. 1919.— See Bot. Absts. 4, Entry 1697. 



900. Brierly, W. G. The effects of fall and winter pruning in Minnesota. Rept. Iowa 

 State Hortic. Soc. 53:109-115. 191S. — A brief discussion on pruning in Minnesota. The 

 author states it has made no great difference whether trees were pruned in November or 

 June. Winter pruning has produced no injury. — L. H. Pammel. 



901. Brooks, Charles, J. S. Cooley, and D. F. Fisher. Nature and control of apple 

 scald. Jour. Agric. Res. 18:211-240. 1919.— See Bot. Absts. 4, Entry 1617. 



902. Campbell, J. A. The fruit industry of British Columbia. New Zealand Jour. 

 Agric. 18:361-364. 1919. — Mr. Campbell is investigating the fruit industry of the United 

 States and Canada. Only apple orchards are considered in this report and the subjects 

 covered are the trees-stock, priming, etc.; pests and diseases-spraying compounds; the 

 Okana^an Valley; marketing and cooperation — the Okanagan United Growers. Many of the 

 orchard practices are found to be quite different from those of New Zealand. — N. J. Giddings. 



903. Cami bell, .1. FT., and W. B. Taylor. Orchard establishment and the formation of 

 young fruit trees. New Zealand Jour. A^ric. 19: 1-15. Fig. 1-8. 1919. — The ideal aspect 

 for an orchard site in New Zealand is a valley having a gentle northerly slope with a barrier 

 nf hills cutting off the southerly winds. The open end of the valley can be easily provided 

 with tall sheltering trees. An orchard should, however, be fully exposed to the sun. — A wide 



