154 MORPHOLOGY, ETC., VASC. PLANTS [Bot. Absts., Vol. IV, 



formula is K3 :C3 :A3+3 :G3. Instead of showing arithmetical doubling the specimen discussed 

 had the formula K5:C5:A5+5:G5. The size of the floral parts was normal but their numerical 

 increase resulted in a conspicuously larger flower. The inter-antheral spaces were almost 

 obliterated so that insect access would be difficult although cross pollination was possible. 

 Only one previous record of an occurrence somewhat similar could be found although both 

 irregular and rhythmic polyphylly have been recorded for Narcissus. Work of others on this 

 subject is cited. — Eloise Gerry. 



999. Lingelsheim, Alexander. t)ber das Auftreten von Palisadenparenchym an der 

 Unterseite bifacialer Blatter. [On the appearance of palisade tissue on the under side of bi- 

 facial leaves.] Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 36: 485-491. 1919. — Although very few instances of 

 hypertrophy of the leaf lamina are on record, recent investigations show that they are found 

 very frequently on leaves of Corylus, Alnus, and Fagus, especially in trees with the lacerate 

 type of leaf structure. The abnormal leaf thickening is found near the margin and in the pri- 

 mary intercostal fields of the lamina, advancing in a wedge-like manner toward the midrib. 

 In Corylus Avellana and C. laciniata this anomaly is a very common occurrence. Anatomi- 

 cally the thickening of the lamina is a hypertrophy, in that the spongy parenchyma has 

 changed to palisade-like cells. Of interest also is the anatomical characteristic of the so-called 

 short needles of Tsuga which are not only very small compared to the normal needles, but show 

 a distinct iso-lateral leaf structure instead of the bi-facial structure common to the larger 

 needles. — Ernst Artschwager. 



1000. Molisch, Hans. Beitrage zur Mikrochemie der Pflanze. [Contribution to the 

 micro-chemistry of plants.] Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 36:474-481. 1919. — Giant silicious crys- 

 tals are found in the leaf of Arundo Donax and are in size only second to the silica crystals 

 found in the endocarp of Phytelephas. They can be readily observed by putting the leaf in 

 phenol or macerating the tissue by chrom-sulphuric acid. Cystoliths have the ability to 

 reduce silver nitrate and silver sulphate so strongly that they turn black in a very short time, 

 owing to the calcium carbonate present in them. They are colored blue-violet with gold chlor- 

 ide, rose red with iron sulphate, pale green with nickel sulphate, pinkish or rose red with cobalt 

 chloride and cobalt sulphate, owing to the precipitation of the hydroxide by the calcium car- 

 bonate present in the cystoliths. — Ernst Artschwager. 



1001. Moxley, George L. Petalody of the stamens in Eschscholtzia. Bull. Southern 

 California Acad. Sci. 18: 79. 1919. 



1002. Osborn, T. G. B. Some observations on the tuber of Phylloglossum. Ann. Botany 

 33 : 485-516. PI. 28, fig. 1-1$. 1919. — Phylloglossum Drummondi grows in a region of South 

 Australia subject to prolonged summer desiccation, and therefore characterized by a geophytic 

 flora. The tuber is an efficient organ of perennation under these conditions. A single tuber 

 is normally produced each year, not from the one of the previous season but from the stem 

 of the plant some distance above the old one, and becomes buried by the growth of its stalk. 

 Frequently also tubers are produced from leaves which have been injured or detached by acci- 

 dental causes. (The results of many laboratory experiments on this form of regeneration are 

 given.) There is first produced an adventitious "cell mass." On this a growing point appears 

 which develops into a stalked tuber like that of the normal plant. The "cell mass" and the 

 tuber are regarded as two distinct and independent structures, the former representing the 

 protocorm of lycopods, and the latter a special adaptation in which Phylloglossum has im- 

 proved upon the lycopod structure. The results of the investigation strongly emphasize the 

 "biological" as opposed to the phylogenetic significance not only of this tuber but also of the 

 protocorm of lycopods. The view that the tuber is morphologically a modified branch is not 

 justified even on anatomical grounds. It is an adventitious growth of very great ecologic 

 value. — W. P. Thompson. 



1003. Pechoutre, F. Revue de botanique. [Review of botany.] Rev. G6n. Sci. Pures 

 et Appliqu6es 30: 242-250. 1919.— See Bot. Absts. 4, Entry 176. 



