156 MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY, ALGAE [Bot. Absts., Vol. IV, 



1009. Anonymous. [Rev. of: Church, A. H. The building of an autotrophic flagellate. 

 Bot, Mem. no. 1. 27 p. Oxford Univ. Press. 1919.] Jour. Botany 57:28S-290. 1919. 



1010. Anonymous. [Rev. of : Yendo, K. A monograph of the Genus Alaria. Jour. Coll. 

 Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo. 43: 145 p. 19 pi. 1919.] Jour. Botany 57:290-291. 1919. 



1011. Anonymous. Travaux recents sur les thallophytes. [Recent work on the thallo- 

 phytes.] Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. X, 1: xxx. 1919. — One of most important discoveries in 

 this field is that of Sauvageau on Laminarias. Until recently only zoosporangia were known, 

 forming on median line of limb; Williams observed that zoospores gave a filament (indicating 

 protonema in evolution of Laminarias) ; Drew saw certain cells of filament emit bodies. Sau- 

 vageau believes he has established that in Laminarias two kinds of filaments arise from zoo- 

 spores, male and female. These filamentous sexual thalli are very small. Observation of 

 actual fusion of gametes and development from gametospore not yet observed. [This article 

 given only in part in this number.] — J . P. Kelly. 



1012. Chamberlain, C. J. Alternation of generations in Padina. [Rev. of: Wolfe, 

 J. J. Alternation and parthenogenesis in Padina. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 34: 78-109. 

 1918.] Bot. Gaz. 67:278. 1919. — The reviewer hopes that the author will investigate the 

 chromosome numbers, especially in the parthenogenetic plants. [See Bot. Absts. 1, Entry 

 9S3.]— //. C. Cowles. 



1013. Church, A. H. Historical review of the Phaeophyceae. Jour. Botany 57:265-273. 

 1919. — The paper is made up of notes summarizing the progressive discovery of this remark- 

 able race of Marine Algae. The subject falls into five epochs: 



I. Theophrastus to the Herbalists (300 B. C.-1622 A. D.). 

 II. Early Systematists (Bauhin 1620 to Dillenius 1724). 



III. Influence of the Linnaean System (1735-1813). 



IV. Influence of the Natural System (1789-1851). 

 V. Modern Botany. 



Theophrastus recorded but few algae. The term "Phycos" was originally used to cover 

 all marine plants. The term Fucus was used by the Romans for the Roccella-lichen. The 

 first real step was made by Dodonaeus in 1616. He figured creditably four forms, but called 

 Fucus vesiculosus, F. primus as being the "Quercus marina" of Theophrastus. Among the 

 early systematists, Bauhin noted 20 forms: Parkinson knew 12 English forms and Tournefort 

 listed 76 species. Dillenius, in the third edition of Ray's SynOpsis (1724), included 57 species 

 under Fucus. Under Linnaeus there was a considerable advance, though Linnaeus knew little 

 of the sea at first hand. Twenty-seven species of Fucus and several other genera of algae 

 were recognized by Linnaeus. From this time on the addition of forms and descriptions 

 proceeded steadily. Meanwhile new scientific methods were introduced. Little advance 

 was made, however, beyond what could be seen with a low-powered hand lens. Natural 

 orders among the brown algae were first mapped out by Lamouroux (1813), who also segre- 

 gated numerous genera. From this time on the creation of new genera progressed rapidly. 

 Lyngbye (1819) noted 49 genera. Agardh (1824) presented another distinct advance, listing 6 

 orders and 70 genera. The golden age of the collector and systematist ended with the younger 

 Agardh (1848) and Kixtzing (1S43), the latter's work being a distinct transition to modern 

 methods. Kiitzing was the first to introduce the present laboratory practice of section-cut- 

 ting, staining, etc. 



With the beginning of the modern era, comparative morphology was born, and concep- 

 tions of evolution began to appear. Contributions to our knowledge of the brown algae 

 were made by Bornet, Thuret, Janckewski, Guignard, Berthold, Reinke, Oltmanns, and 

 others. The latest official review of this group is that of Kjellman (1891) : The most com- 

 plete systematic text is that of De Toni (1895) : and the most complete text-book is that of 

 Oltmanns (1904-15). Morphology of the brown algae has been best dealt with by Reinke and 

 Oltmanns; while Kuckuck has set the highest standard of draughtsmanship for cells and tis- 

 sues. The opening years of the present century show progress along the ecological side. — 

 K. M. Wiegand. 



