188 PATHOLOGY [Bot. Absts., Vol. IV, 



1240. Bernard, Ch. Aanvullende mededeelingen over de wortelziekten van de thee. 

 [Supplementary contribution to the root diseases of tea.] Mededeel. Proefstat. voor Thee 

 [Buitenzorg] Dept. Landb., Nijverheid en Handel 61a: 1-7. PI. 1-10 (2 colored). 1919.— 

 This paper which is a supplement to No. 61 gives the illustrations and additional notes. Num- 

 erous cases of partial or entire recovery were found from root-collar attacks by Ustulina 

 zonata. Generally, however, a plant attacked by any of the root parasites is lost and effort 

 must be directed to protect the neighboring bushes. Frequent combination of the different 

 fungi on the same plant is recorded. Thus on high lying estates Armillaria mellea is associated 

 with Roscllinia bothrina, while on the lower lying estates Ustulina zonata is found with the 

 Rosellinia. In Sumatra the Rosellinia with Porta hypolateritia or Rosellinia with Fomes 

 commonly occur. Detailed notes on the symptoms of the various diseases are given in ex- 

 planation of the plates. — R. D. Rands. 



1241. Biffen, R. H. Annual report for 1918 of the botanist. Jour. Agric. Roy. Soc. Eng- 

 land 79 : 254-258. 1918. 



1242. Bobilioff, W. Over de oorzaak der bruine binnenbastziekte van Hevea Brasiliensis. 

 [The cause of brown bast disease of Hevea Brasiliensis.] Arch. Rubbercult. Nederlandsch- 

 Indie 3: 172-178. 1919. — The brown bast disease is not caused by a parasite but seems to be 

 of definite non-parasitic nature. The severity of the disease depends upon the general physio- 

 logical conditions of the tree. The slightest trace of this disease in the bark may be shown by 

 the phloroglucin reaction. As the disease develops anatomical changes can be noted in the 

 bark: the formation of a brown degeneration substance in the intercellular spaces and middle 

 lamellae of the cortex cells giving the principal reactions of lignin; the abnormal formation 

 of stone cells; and the formation of burs. — W. E. Cake. 



1243. Bokura, U. A bacterial disease of lily. Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan l 2 : 36-90. 

 PI. 1-2. 1919. — The disease is the cause of great loss in many lily-growing regions in Japan. 

 When the organisms attack the subterranean parts of the plant, growth of the young plant is 

 greatly retarded, and the first apparent symptoms appear on the stem as pale brown stripes, 

 which enlarge in area and finally result in damping off. If infection takes place upon the 

 leaves or the stems, especially on the cut surface of the latter, brownish discoloration appears 

 on the affected parts, the leaves falling off prematurely one after another. Plants attacked 

 in that manner may not survive. Lilium tigrinum, L. auratum, and L. venustum are listed 

 as most susceptible, and L. speciosum is considered to be most resistant. Outbreak of the 

 disease is greatly predisposed by excess of nitrogenous manure and of moisture. The organ- 

 ism as an actively motile rod with 6 to 8 peritrichiate flagella, 0.8-1.0 X 0.6-0. ly.. Cultural 

 characteristics and proofs of pathogenicity are described at length. Reduction of nitrate, 

 production of ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and indol, presence of cytase, oxidase and trypsin 

 are qualitatively demonstrated. Optimum growth occurs at 32° to 34°C. ; exposure for 3 min- 

 utes at 50°C. kills the organisms, while freezings are not so harmful. The parasite is not very 

 sensitive to direct sunlight and disinfectants. The control measures are outlined, the most 

 promising methods consist in the rotation of crops, in the avoidance of infected bulbs, in soil 

 disinfection with formalin, and in spraying with Bordeaux mixture. Excess of nitrogenous 

 manure should be avoided, balanced fertilizers being recommended. The name Bacillus 

 Lilii Uyda is proposed for this organism. — T. Matsumoto. 



1244. Bottomley, Averil Maud. A preliminary investigation into a disease attacking 

 young Cupressus plants. South African Jour. Sci. 15: 613-617. PI. 18-21. 1919.— As a result 

 of inoculation and cultural experiments in 1915, a Phoma was established as the cause of a 

 serious disease in young plants of Cupressus sp. This has recently been identified with a 

 Phoma on red cedars described by Hahn, Hartley and Pierce. The disease is character- 

 ized by discoloration of the twigs, followed by withering and death, the pycnidia of the fungus 

 being visible on the dead leaves and twigs as small black dots. The cultural and morpho- 

 logical characters of the fungus are described in detail. Injured Cupressus plants readily 



