204 PATHOLOGY [Bot. Absts., Vol. IV, 



1352. Smith, Annie Lorrain. Hyphomycetes and the rotting of timber. Trans. British 

 Mycol. Soc. 6: 54-55. 1918.— See Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 2763; 4, Entry 1162. 



1353. Smith, Annie Lorrain. Presidential address. The relation of fungi to other 

 organisms. Trans. British Mycol. Soc. 6: 17-31. 1918.— See Bot. Absts. 4, Entry 1160. 



1354. Smith, Erwin F., and Lucia McCulloch. Bacterium solanacearum in beans. 

 Science 50: 238. Sept., 1919. — In June, 1919, badly diseased bush beans were received from 

 Lynn Haven, Florida. The leaves were wilted and more or less brown, the petioles were brown 

 and wilted to their base. The roots also were brown and the epidermis was decayed in places. 

 Cross sections showed 50 to 100 per cent of the vessels to be full of bacteria, and no fungi were 

 visible. The supposition was that the disease must be due to the bacteria and that they must 

 have entered through the root system. Agar plates gave pure cultures of a white bacterial 

 organism having all the characteristics of Bacterium solanacearum. A number of different 

 legumes were inoculated. Of beans; Wax bush, Valentine, Refugee, Lima (Fordhook variety), 

 Pinto and Great Northern. Of peas; Telephone, Little Marvel and Mammoth Luscious 

 Sugar. The organism has been reisolated from both beans and peas (tested on tobacco and 

 beans) and proved to have the same characters and infectiousness as the original culture. 

 Tobacco and tomato plants used for control showed typical Bacterium solanacearum infections. 

 Fortunately beans appear to be very susceptible only in early stages of growth. — A. H. 

 Chivers. 



1355. Smith, Erwin F., L. R. Jones, and C. S. Reddy. The black chaff of wheat. Sci- 

 ence 50: 48. 1919.— See Bot. Absts. 4, Entry 1166. 



1356. Smith, Ralph H. A preliminary note concerning a serious nematode disease of red 

 clover in the northwestern states. Jour. Econ. Entomol. 12:460-462. 1919. — A preliminary 

 account of the finding, in May, 1918, infestation of red clover in Idaho by the stem and bulb 

 nematode, Tylenchus dipsaci. Information from the farmers indicates that the trouble has 

 been in southern Idaho for several years and that it is rapidly increasing in destructiveness. 

 — The infested parts of the plant near the ground become enlarged, spongy, and finally turn 

 brown and rot off. The worms also occur higher up in the stems, and in the leaves and 

 branches where they cause distortions and enlargements. The effects upon the plants are 

 most pronounced in autumn and early winter. During the summer, the foliage of affected 

 plants usually has an unhealthy, striped, yellow appearance and the plants as a whole are 

 more or less stunted. — A. B. Massey. 



1357. Snell, John. Ormskirk potato trials. Jour. Bd. Agric. Great Britain Suppl. 18: 

 68-102. Fig. 20-33. 1919. — The testing of varieties of potatoes for immunity to wart disease 

 (Synchytrium endobioticum) was continued at Ormskirk during 1918. To date 363 varieties 

 have been tested of which 105 have proved immune, 243 have proved susceptible, and 15 have 

 not been finally classified, being listed for the present as of doubtful immunity. A complete 

 alphabetical list of these three classes of varieties is included in the report. — At Ormskirk, 

 in the past, experiments have been carried out with lime, sulphur, soot, formalin, corrosive 

 sublimate, etc. to kill the spores of the fungus in the soil but none of the substances was 

 successful. This year sterilization of the soil with steam under high pressure forlj hours was 

 tested but without success, as every tuber grown from a susceptible variety planted in such soil 

 was badly warted. Tubers grown under similar conditions from the same seed lot but in un- 

 sterilized soil presumed to be free from wart disease were all free of any visible trace of the 

 disease. Thus the planting of immune varieties still remains the only known method of com- 

 batting what is, perhaps, the most serious disease that has ever attacked potatoes in Britain. 

 —.1/. B. McKay. 



135S. Snell, John. Potatoes: local immune variety trials. Jour. Bd. Agric. Great 

 Britain Suppl. 18: 103-114. 1919. — A series of trials in 1918 to test the suitability of wart- 

 immune varieties to local conditions in those parts of England and Wales where the wart 



